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THE 


METRIC  SYSTEM 


OF 


WEIGHTS  AND  MEASURES. 


ISSUED  BY 

THE  HARTFORD  STEAM  BOILER  INSPECTION 
"  AND  INSURANCE  COMPANY. 


HARTFORD,  CONN.,  U.  S.  A. 
1898. 


Hs 


Library 


COPYRIGHT,  1898, 

BY 

THE  HARTFORD  STEAM  BOILER  INSPECTION 
AND  INSURANCE  COMPANY. 


PRESS  OF  THE  CASE,  LOCKWOOD  &  BRAINARD  CO. 


PREFACE. 


THE  Metric  System  of  Weights  and  Meas- 
ures is  used  so  universally  in  foreign  books 
and  periodicals,  that  much  time  is  con- 
sumed and  no  little  annoyance  incurred  by 
the  American  reader,  in  translating  these 
units  into  their  English  and  American 
equivalents,  by  the  aid  of  any  of  the  reduc- 
tion tables  that  have  yet  been  published. 
It  therefore  occurred  to  the  undersigned 
that  a  handy  pocket  volume,  for  facilitat- 
ing comparisons  of  this  kind,  might  be 
acceptable  to  engineers  and  scientific 
workers  generally.  This  is  the  raison  d'etre 
of  the  present  little  book.  The  work  of  cal- 
culating the  tables  and  reading  the  proof 
has  been  done  by  Mr.  A.  D.  Risteen,  Asso- 
ciate Editor  of  THE  LOCOMOTIVE,  whose 
experience  in  the  computing  division  of 
the  United  States  Coast  and  Geodetic  Sur- 
vey should  be  a  sufficient  guarantee  of  the 
care  and  accuracy  with  which  his  task  has 
been  done.  Mr.  Risteen  has  also  pre- 
pared a  brief  account  of  the  inception 
and  adoption  of  the  Metric  System  in 
France,  'which  adds  materially  to  the 

(3) 

227910 


4  PREFACE. 

interest  and  value  of  the  volume.  The 
Metric  System  is  now  in  common  use  in 
France,  Germany,  Austria-Hungary,  Italy, 
Spain,  Portugal,  Sweden,  Norway,  Bel- 
gium, The  Netherlands,  Roumania,  Servia, 
Egypt,  Mexico,  Costa  Rica,  Guatemala, 
Nicaragua,  Salvador,  Brazil,  Colombia, 
Bolivia,  Chile,  The  Argentine  Republic, 
Haiti,  and  Santo  Domingo.  It  has  also 
been  adopted  officially  by  Venezuela,  Uru- 
guay, Turkey,  and  British  India,  although 
in  these  four  countries  it  can  hardly  yet 
be  said  to  be  in  common  use.  Japan,  too, 
has  announced  her  intention  of  adopting  a 
modified  form  of  it,  and  even  China  has  a 
decimal  system  of  weights  and  measures, 
although  it  is  not  the  French  Metric  Sys- 
tem. England,  Russia,  and  the  United 
States  are  the  only  great  nations  that  still 
refuse  to  adopt  the  Metric  System.  Its 
advantages  are  many,  and  the  only  really 
serious  objection  appears  to  be,  that  the 
change  from  our  present  units  to  the  new 
ones  would  be  more  or  less  confusing  and 
annoying  for  the  first  few  years.  Much  of 
this  annoyance  and  confusion  could  be  pre- 
vented by  providing  school  children  with 
cheap  sets  of  metric  measures  and  weights, 
and  requiring  each  child  to  measure  and 
weigh  a  certain  number  of  objects  every 
week.  In  this  way  the  units  and  their 


PREFACE.  5 

names  would  become  tolerably  familiar  to 
the  next  generation,  and  the  transition 
would  be  far  easier.  The  formidable  deci- 
mals that  the  metric  system  suggests  to 
the  average  citizen  (and  which  are  here 
very  much  in  evidence)  constitute  no  part 
of  the  system  itself,  and  they  could  be 
gratefully  dismissed,  the  moment  the  met- 
ric system  came  into  use.  They  owe  their 
existence  to  the  fact  that  the  foot,  pound, 
and  quart  are  not  commensurable  with  the 
meter,  gramme,  and  liter ;  and,  when  we 
cease  to  use  our  present  units,  we  should 
also  cease  to  use  the  long  numbers  that 
express  their  values  in  metric  units. 

J.  M.  ALLEN,  President. 


Hartford,  Conn.,  May  2,  1898. 


5    5  —  - 


/O  ;  ;  ; '{  THE    METRIC    SVSTEM. 

do  with  the  establishment  of  more  definite 
standards,  because  in  the  absence  of  these 
there  was  nothing  to  prevent  a  person  who 
was  so  inclined  from  buying  by  a  long 
measure  and  selling  by  a  short  one.  At 
all  events,  at  the  present  time  the  units 
used  in  weighing  and  measuring  have 
been  denned  by  law  in  all  civilized  coun- 
tries. This  has  secured,  for  each  country, 
a  certain  degree  of  uniformity  throughout 
its  own  territory  ;  but  among  the  stand- 
ards of  different  countries  there  is  a  diver- 
sity almost  as  great  as  ever. 

Even  in  the  United  States  there  are  an 
enormous  number  of  units  in  vogue.  For 
example,  for  measuring  lengths  we  have 
the  inch,  ell,  nail,  link,  foot,  yard,  fathom, 
rod,  chain,  furlong,  mile,  knot,  and  doubt- 
less many  others  ;  and  the  units  in  use  for 
area,  capacity,  and  weight  are  even  more 
numerous.  Many  of  these  units  have  dif- 
ferent values,  too,  according  to  the  nature 
of  the  substance  to  be  measured  or  weighed. 
Thus  we  have  several  kinds  of  ounces  and 
pounds,  and  at  least  two  kinds  of  quarts. 
There  is  no  regularity  whatever  in  the 
number  of  units  of  one  kind  that  make  one 
unit  of  the  next  higher  kind  ;  and  some  of 
the  tables  that  the  schoolboy  has  to  learn 
are  extremely  distressing.  We  well  re- 
member what  a  stickler  it  was,  in  our  day, 


HISTORY    OF    THE    METER.  9 

that  it  should  take  30^  square  yards  to 
make  one  square  rod.  If  we  had  a  simpler 
method  of  mensuration,  the  children  in 
our  schools  could  be  spared  a  great  part  of 
this  troublesome  lumber,  and  the  time 
saved  in  this  way  could  be  devoted  to 
some  far  more  profitable  subject.  Taking 
everything  into  consideration,  it  is  cer- 
tainly humiliating  to  reflect  upon  the  heter- 
ogeneous "  system  "  of  weights  and  meas- 
ures in  use  at  the  present  day  in  a  country 
as  proud,  as  civilized,  and  as  advanced  (in 
other  respects)  as  our  own  United  States 
of  America.  We  are  not  unique  in  this 
respect,  it  is  true,  for  many  other  nations 
have  "  systems  "  of  measurement  that  are 
fully  as  confusing  as  our  own  ;  but  this  is 
mighty  cold  comfort. 

HISTORY  OF  THE  METER. 

To  France  belongs  the  honor  of  making 
the  first  systematic  attempt  to  break 
through  the  customs  of  antiquity,  and  to 
substitute  a  new  metrology  for  the  old- 
Until  the  latter  part  of  the  eighteenth  cen- 
tury there  was  the  same  condition  of 
affairs  in  that  country  that  prevails  to-day 
in  the  United  States ;  and  in  Mechain  and 
Delambre's  Base  du  Systeme  metrique  deci- 
mal (Paris,  1806),  we  read  of  "le  systeme 
incoherent  de  nos  mesures,"  "1'etonnante 


10  THE    METRIC    SYSTEM. 

et  scandaleuse  diversite  de  nos  mesures, " 
etc.  Several  ineffectual  attempts  to  re- 
form the  French  system  of  weights  and 
measures  had  been  made,  previous  to  1790,* 
but  it  is  from  that  year  that  the  present 
"metric  system"  dates.  In  May,  1790,  M. 
de  Talleyrand  proposed  to  the  National 
Assembly  of  France  that  a  new  system  of 
measures  should  be  devised  on  strictly 
scientific  principles,  and  that  the  units  of 
length  and  weight  in  this  system  should 
be  based  on  some  natural  and  invariable 
standard.  On  the  8th  of  May  the  Assembly 
passed  a  resolution  requesting  the  king, 
Louis  XVI,  to  open  a  correspondence  on  the 


*  "Pitts  d'une  fois  on  avoit  presente  des  projets  de 
referme  au  gouvernement,  qui  les  avoit  fait  examiner  : 
mais,  malgre  les  rapports  les  plus  favorables,  malgre 
la  bonne  volonte  des  ministres,  et  particulierement  du 
controleur  general  des  finances  Orry,  ces  projets  avoi- 
ent  toujours  ete  repousses  ou  mis  en  oubli.  En  1788,  le 
vosu  d'une  mesure  uniforme  fut  consigne  dans  les 
cahiers  de  quelques  balliages  ;  quelques  savans  firent 
entendre  leur  voix.  Les  esprits  etoient  alors  disposes 
a  recevoir  avec  enthousiasme  toutes  les  refermes 
utiles.  Le  systeme  incoherent  de  nos  mesures,  outre 
ses  inconveniens  reels,  avoit  un  vice  originel  qui  en  fit 
hater  1'abolition  :  la  confusion  qui  y  regnoit  etoit  en 
grande  partie  1'ouvrage  de  cette  feodalite  que  personne 
n'osoit  plus  defendre,  et  dont  on  travailloit  a  faire  dis- 
paroitre  jusqu'aux  moindres  vestiges.  Ce  concours 
unique  de  circonstances  valut  en  accueil  favorable  a 
la  proposition  faite  en  1790  a  1'assemblee  constituante 
par  M.  de  Talleyrand." — Mechain  et  Delambre,  Base 
du  Systeme  mttrique  decimal. 


HISTORY    OF    THE    METER.  II 

subject  with  the  king  of  England,  desiring 
him  to  invite  the  British  Parliament  to  co- 
operate with  the  National  Assembly  of 
France  in  fixing  the  "  natural  unit "  which 
was  to  serve  as  the  basis  of  the  proposed 
system  of  weights  and  measures.  The 
work  was  to  be  put  in  the  hands  of  a  joint 
commission  of  scientific  men,  half  of  whom 
were  to  be  appointed  by  the  French  Acad- 
emy of  Sciences,  and  the  other  half  by  the 
Royal  Society  of  London.  In  conformity 
with  the  resolution,  Louis  laid  the  matter 
before  the  English  king;  but "  owing  to  the 
temper  and  the  public  troubles  of  the 
times,  his  overture  met  with  no  response. 
Similar  applications  to  other  nations  were 
more  successful,  and  in  subsequent  pro- 
ceedings Spain,  Italy,  the  Netherlands, 
Switzerland,  Denmark,  and  Sweden,  par- 
ticipated by  sending  delegates  to  an  inter- 
national commission.  The  system  itself 
was,  however,  matured  by  the  labors  of  a 
committee  of  the  Academy  of  Sciences, 
embracing  Borda,  Lagrange,  Laplace, 
Monge,  and  Condorcet,  five  of  the  ablest 
mathematicians  of  Europe."*  Lavoisier, 
though  not  a  member  of  this  committee, 
contributed  largely  to  its  proceedings,  and 
the  standards  that  were  afterwards  pre- 


*  Johnson's  Cyclopaedia,  article  Metric  System. 


12  THE    METRIC    SYSTEM. 

pared  were  made  under  his  supervision. 
Lavoisier,  for  some  reason,  has  not  received 
the  recognition  that  is  due  him  in  this 
matter,  his  work  being  usually  credited  to 
Borda. 

There  were  two  reasons  advanced  for 
basing  the  new  unit  of  length  upon  some 
absolute  and  invariable  quantity  in  nature. 
It  was  said  that  the  selection  of  an  arbi- 
trary unit  would  violate  the  most  funda- 
mental principle  of  the  proposed  reform  ; 
for  the  one  distinctive  feature  of  the  new 
system  was  to  be  the  exclusion  of  the  last 
vestige  of  arbitrariness.  This  argument 
seems  to  us  to  be  hardly  worth  serious 
consideration,  for  however  satisfactory  the 
unit  finally  chosen  might  be,  the  selection 
of  that  unit  would  necessarily  be  arbitrary, 
and  hence  the  unit  itself  would  be  so,  in 
some  sense.  The  other  reason  advanced 
for  the  selection  of  a  natural  unit  was 
much  more  logical.  It  was  urged  that  a 
system  of  weights  and  measures  based  on 
some  permanent  and  invariable  natural 
quantity  could  be  entirely  reconstructed, 
with  any  desired  degree  of  precision,  even 
though  every  standard  in  existence  were 
utterly  destroyed. 

M.  de  Talleyrand  proposed  to  adopt,  as 
the  fundamental  unit  of  length,  the  length 
of  a  pendulum  vibrating  seconds  in  lati- 


HISTORY    OF    THE    METER.  13 

tude  45°,  "  ou  toute  autre  latitude  qui  pour- 
roit  etre  preferee  "  (or  such  other  latitude 
as  might  be  preferred).  The  committee  of 
the  Academy  of  Sciences  considered  the 
advisability  of  adopting  the  seconds  pen- 
dulum as  the  unit  of  length,  but  finally 
rejected  it,  principally  because  it  involved 
*the  conception  of  time.  It  seemed  to  them 
preferable  to  base  the  proposed  unit  on 
the  length  of  some  object  actually  existing  in 
nature;  and  after  much  deliberation  it 
was  decided  to  adopt  some  one  of  the  di- 
mensions of  the  earth  itself.  Of  the  differ- 
ent dimensions  proposed,  the  two  that  met 
with  the  most  favor  were  the  equatorial 
circumference,  and  the  meridian  quadrant ; 
and  of  these  two  the  meridian  quadrant 
was  finally  selected,  because  it  could  be 
measured  with  greater  accuracy.  (The 
measurement  of  a  meridian  involves  obser- 
vations of  latitude,  while  the  measurement 
of  the  equator  involves  observations  of 
longitude  ;  and  before  the  invention  of  the 
electric  telegraph,  longitude  measures 
were  subject  to  large  errors.)  In  order  to 
guard  against  possible  differences  in  the 
lengths  of  the  various  meridian  quadrants, 
it  was  decided  to  recommend  that  the  new 
system  of  measures  be  based  on  the  par- 
ticular meridian  that  passes  through  Paris. 
This  length  (about  6,000  miles)  would  be 


14  THE    METRIC    SYSTEM. 

entirely  out  of  the  question  as  a  practical 
unit  for  business  purposes.  However,  a 
rough  calculation  showed  that  a  standard 
having  a  length  equal  to  one  ten-millionth 
part  of  this  quadrant  would  be  convenient, 
and  the  METER  (as  the  new  unit  was  named) 


FIG.  i. —  THE  DEFINITION  OF  THE  METER. 

was  therefore  defined  to  be  the  ten-millionth 
part  of  the  distance  from  the  equator  to  the 
north  pole,  measured  along  the  sea-level,  on 
the  meridian  passing  through  Paris.  (Fig.  i 
illustrates  this  definition  of  the  meter  very 
graphically.) 


HISTORY    OF    THE    METER.  15 

The  report  of  the  committee,  embodying 
the  points  explained  above,  and  dated 
March  19,  1791,  was  approved  by  the  Na- 


FIG.  2. —  SHOWING  THE  LINE  THAT  WAS  MEASURED. 

tional  Assembly,  and  the  work  of  measur- 
ing the  meridian  passing  through  Paris  was 
begun.  This  operation  involved  immense 


l6  THE    METRIC    SYSTEM. 

labor,  and  seven  years  were  required  to 
complete  it.  The  meridian  through  Paris 
is  shown  by  the  heavy  vertical  line  in  Fig. 
2.  It  strikes  the  North  Sea  at  Dunkirk, 
near  the  Strait  of  Dover,  in  latitude  51° 
02'  8.85",  and  the  Mediterranean  Sea  at 
Montjouy  (a  small  place  in  the  suburbs  of 
Barcelona,  Spain),  in  latitude  41°  21'  44.96". 
The  northern  half  of  this  arc  was  measured 
under  the  direction  of  Delambre,  and  the 
southern  half  under  Mechain.  A  brief 
account  of  the  method  of  measurement 
employed,  and  of  the  subsequent  computa- 
tions, will  be  found  in  the  first  chapter  of 
Clarke's  Geodesy ;  and  the  operations  and 
calculations  are  described  in  full  in  Mechain 
and  Delambre's  Base  du  Systeme  metrique 
decimal,  to  which  we  have  already  refer- 
red. The  unit  of  length  used  in  measuring 
the  meridian  was  the  toise,  and  the  final 
result  of  the  seven  years'  work  was,  that 
the  distance  from  the  Barcelona  end  of  the 
line  to  the  Dunkirk  end  was  551,584.7 
toises.  It  will  be  found  from  the  data 
given  above  that  the  difference  in  latitude 
between  the  two  ends  was  9°  40'  23.89". 
Now  the  latitude  of  the  equator  is  o°,  and 
the  latitude  of  the  pole  is  90°  ;  and  there- 
fore if  the  earth  were  a  true  sphere  the 
distance  from  the  equator  to  the  pole  would 
be  given  by  the  simple  proportion 


HISTORY    OF    THE    METER.  17 

9°  40'  23.89"  :  90°  ::  551,584.7101568:  distance 

required. 

The  first  term  of  this  proportion,  when 
reduced  to  degrees  and  decimals  of  a 
degree,  is  9.6733°  ;  and  if  we  substitute  this 
value  of  it,  and  then  solve  the  proportion 
by  the  ordinary  rule-of-three,  we  find 

Distance  from  equator  to  pole  =  5,131,922  toises. 
In  the  actual  calculation  a  small  allowance 
had  to  be  made  for  the  fact  that  the  earth 
is  not  a  perfect  sphere  (the  polar  diameter 
being  about  26  miles  shorter  than  the  equa- 
torial diameter).  It  was  found  that  to  take 
this  into  account  it  would  be  necessary 
to  subtract  1,181  toises  from  the  distance 
as  calculated  above.  Hence,  it  was  con- 
cluded that  the  true  distance  from  the 
equator  to  the  pole,  along  the  meridian  of 
Paris,  is  5, 130,741  toises.  One  ten-millionth 
part  of  this  is  0.5130741  of  a  toise,  and  this, 
therefore,  was  to  be  the  length  of  the  new 
unit,  or  meter. 

The  next  task  was  to  prepare  a  bar  of 
platinum  which  should  have  this  length. 
When  this  had  been  done,  the  length  of 
the  bar  was  verified  by  the  international 
commission  referred  to  above,  and  the 
commission  then  proceeded  in  a  body  to 
the  Palace  of  the  Archives,  in  Paris,  and 
there  they  formally  deposited  the  bar  of 


1 8  THE    METRIC    SYSTEM. 

platinum  which  was  to  be  ever  afterward 
the  standard  meter  of  the  world. 

UNITS  DERIVED  FROM  THE  METER. 

LONG   MEASURE. 

The  meter  is  theoretically  equal  to  the 
ten-millionth  part  of  the  meridian-quadrant 
that  passes  through  Paris ;  but  as  all  hu- 
man measurements  are  liable  to  error,  we 
cannot  suppose  that  Mechain  and  Delam- 
bre's  determination  of  this  length  is  abso- 
lutely exact,  and  therefore  for  practical 
purposes  the  meter  is  defined  to  be  the 
length  of  the  platinum  bar  that  was  deposited 
in  the  Palace  of  the  Archives  by  the  Interna- 
tional Commission.  A  comparison  of  this 
bar  with  -the  units  in  use  in  this  country 
shows  that  the  meter  is  about  3^  inches 
longer  than  a  yard-stick.  A  more  exact 
comparison,  made  by  Professor  Rogers, 
indicates  that  the  precise  length  of  the 
standard  meter  is  39.37027  inches  ;  and  a 
similar  determination  by  General  Comstock 
gave  39. 36985  inches.  The  average  of  these 
two  determinations  is  39. 37006  inches,  which 
is  the  value  adopted  in  this  essay  as  the 
true  length  of  the  meter. 

To  make  the  new  system  available  for 
general  purposes,  it  was  decided  to  divide 
the  meter  into  ten  equal  parts,  which  were 
called  Ammeters.  Each  of  these  parts 


UNITS   DERIVED    FROM    THE    METER.      19 

was  further  subdivided  into  ten  parts, 
called  centimeters,  and  each  centimeter 
was  also  divided  into  ten  parts,  called 
;;«7//meters.  (The  italicised  prefixes  stand 
for  "tenth,"  "hundredth,"  and  "thou- 
sandth," respectively,  just  as  the  words 
"dime,"  "cent,"  and  "mill"  stand  for  the 
tenth,  hundredth,  and  thousandth  part  of 
a  dollar.  We  have  a  decimal  system  of 
coinage,  and  we  realize  its  simplicity  and 
general  utility.  Why  not  apply  the  same 
idea  to  our  weights  and  measures  ?)  Fig. 
3  is  a  DECIMETER.  The  decimeter  is  shown 
subdivided  into  ten  CENTIMETERS,  and  each 
centimeter  is  further  subdivided  into  ten 
MILLIMETERS.  Ten  of  these  decimeters, 
placed  end  to  end,  would  make  one  meter  ; 
and  100,000,000  of  them,  if  laid  end  to  end 
along  the  curved  surface  of  the  earth, 
would  just  reach  from  the  equator  to  the 
north  pole. 

For  measuring  big  distances  it  was 
proposed  to  establish  a  special  unit  equal 
to  1,000  meters.  To  this  unit  the  name 
KILOMETER  was  given  ("  kilo "  being  de- 
rived from  a  Greek  word  meaning  "a 
thousand").  The  meter  being  equal  to 
39.37006  inches,  it  follows  that  the  KILO- 
METER is  equal  to  39,370.06  inches  —  that  is, 
to  3,280.838  feet,  or  0.6213709  of  a  mile. 


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THE    METRIC    SYSTEM. 


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UNITS    DERIVED    FROM    THE    METER.      21 

The  table  for  long  measure,  in  the  Metric 
System,  is  very  simple.     It  is  as  follows  : 

10  millimeters  (mm.)*  =  i  centimeter. 
10  centimeters  (cm.)  =  i  decimeter. 
10  decimeters  (dm.)  ==  i  meter. 
1,000  meters  (m.)  =  i  kilometer  (km.). 

SQUARE   MEASURE. 

The  tables  for  square  measure  and  cubic 
measure  are  easily  derived  from  this  table 
for  long  measure.  The  area  of  a  rectangle 
or  square,  for  example,  is  equal  to  the 
product  of  the  length  and  breadth.  A 
square  i  decimeter  (or  10  centimeters)  each 
way  will  therefore  have  an  area  of  100 
square  centimeters :  hence  i  square  deci- 
meter =  100  square  centimeters.  The  rest 
of  the  table  for  square  measure  is  con- 
structed in  the  same  way,  and  hence  we 
have  the  following  table  : 

loo  square  millimeters  (sq.  mm.)  =  i 
square  centimeter. 

100  square  centimeters  (sq.  cm.)  =  i 
square  decimeter. 

100  square  decimeters  (sq.  dm.)  =  i 
square  meter. 

1,000,000  square  meters  (sq.  m.)  =  i 
square  kilometer  (sq.  km.). 


*  The  letters  in  parentheses  indicate  the  customary 
abbreviation  for  the  units  opposite  which  they  stand. 


22  THE    METRIC    SYSTEM. 

CUBIC   MEASURE. 

The  table  for  cubic  measure  is  con- 
structed in  the  same  way,  by  remembering 
that  the  volume  of  a  cube  is  equal  to  the 
product  of  the  length,  breadth,  and  height. 
Thus  a  cubic  meter,  being  10  decimeters 
each  way,  will  have  the  same  volume  as 
1,000  cubic  decimeters.  Hence,  we  have 
the  following  table  : 

i, ooo  cubic  millimeters  (c.  mm.)  =  i  cubic 
centimeter. 

1,000  cubic  centimeters  (c.  c.)  =  i  cubic 
decimeter. 

1,000  cubic  decimeters  (c.  dm.)  =  i  cubic 
meter. 

1,000,000,000  cubic  meters  (c.  m.)  =  i  cubic 
kilometer  (c.  km.). 

The  cubic  meter  was  formerly  called  a 
stere,  and  the  units  derived  from  it  were 
called  decisteres,  centisteres,  etc.  These 
names  are  now  practically  out  of  use,  those 
given  in  the  foregoing  table  being  gener- 
ally preferred. 

MEASURES   OF   MASS. 

The  unit  of  mass,  in  the  metric  system,  is 
the  GRAMME.  A  gramme  is  the  quantity  of 
matter  in  a  cubic  centimeter  of  pure  water, 
at  the  temperature  of  its  maximum  density 
(about  39°  Fah.).  It  might  seem  more  nat- 
ural to  take,  as  the  unit  of  mass,  the  quan- 


UNITS    DERIVED    FROM    THE    METER.      23 

tity  of  matter  in  a  cubic  centimeter  of  water 
at  the  freezing  point.  There  were  two  rea- 
sons why  this  was  not  done.  In  the  first 
place,  it  is  difficult,  in  experimenting  with 
water  at  the  exact  freezing  point,  to  make 
sure  that  the  water  does  not  contain  minute 
needles  of  ice  —  it  certainly  will  contain 
them  if  any  part  of  the  water  under  exam- 
ination is  exposed,  even  momentarily,  to  a 
temperature  that  is  the  least  fraction  of  a 
degree  below  the  freezing  point  —  and  the 
presence  of  such  particles  of  ice  would 
modify  the  density  of  the  water  to  such  an 
extent  that  it  would  be  impossible  to  deter- 
mine the  value  of  the  gramme  with  the 
requisite  degree  of  precision.  The  second 
reason  for  preferring  the  temperature  of 
maximum  density  in  defining  the  gramme 
is,  that  at  this  point  the  coefficient  of  expan- 
sion of  water  is  zero,  so  that  a  small  change 
in  temperature  produces  no  sensible  varia- 
tion in  the  density  of  the  water. 

Other  units  of  mass  were  derived  from 
the  gramme,  in  precisely  the  same  way 
that  other  units  of  length  were  derived 
from  the  meter.  Thus,  the  tenth  part  of 
a  gramme  was  called  a  decigram,  the  hun- 
dredth part  of  a  gramme  was  called  a 
centigram,  the  thousandth  part  of  a  gramme 
was  called  a  milligram,  and  a  weight  equal 
to  a  thousand  grammes  was  called  a  kilo- 


24  THE    METRIC    SYSTEM. 

gram.  The  kilogram  is  therefore  theoreti- 
cally equal  to  the  mass  of  a  cubic  deci- 
meter of  pure  water,  at  its  temperature  of 
maximum  density.  The  weight  of  this 
quantity  of  water  was  determined  experi- 
mentally by  the  Commission  that  prepared 
the  standard  platinum  meter,  and  a  stand- 
ard mass  of  platinum,  having  this  same 
weight  as  nearly  as  the  unavoidable  errors 
of  experiment  would  allow,  was  deposited 
in  the  Archives  of  France,  by  the  Commis- 
sion, on  June  22,  1799.  For  practical  and 
legal  purposes,  therefore,  the  kilogram  is 
defined  as  the  weight,  in  vacuo,  of  this 
standard  mass  of  platinum.  Miller's  com- 
parison of  this  weight  with  the  equivalents 
used  in  our  own  country  indicates  that  the 
KILOGRAM  is  equal  to  2.20462125  AVOIRDU- 
POIS POUNDS.  The  avoirdupois  pound  be- 
ing equal  to  7,000  troy  grains,  it  follows 
that  the  GRAMME  is  equal  to  15.43234875 
TROY  GRAINS.  The  table  for  weights  in 
the  Metric  System  is  as  follows: 

10  milligrams  (mgm.)     =  i  centigram. 
10  centigrams  (cgm.)     =  i  decigram. 
10  decigrams  (dgm.)      =  i  gramme. 
i,ooo  grammes  (gm.)     =  i  kilogram. 
1,000  kilograms  (kgm.)  =  i  millier.* 

It  will  be  noticed  that  we  have  preserved 
the  French  spelling   in  the  case  of    the 


•Also  called  "tonne,  "or  "tonneau.' 


UNITS   DERIVED    FROM    THE    METER.      25 

gramme,  although  the  final  me  has  been 
dropped  from  the  other  words.  This  is  in 
conformity  with  the  recommendation  of 
the  Committee  appointed  by  the  American 
Association  for  the  Advancement  of 
Science,  for  considering  the  revision  of 
the  spelling  of  words  used  in  chemistry. 
The  me  is  dropped  from  the  other 
words  for  the  sake  of  simplicity,  but 
it  is  preserved  in  the  case  of  the  gramme 
to  avoid  confusion  with  the  word  grain. 
The  reader  will  see  the  importance  of  this 
if  he  will  hastily  write  down  the  words 
gram  and  grain. 

LIQUID    MEASURE. 

For  measuring  liquids  the  Commission 
provided  a  unit  called  a  LITER,  which  is 
not  greatly  different  from  a  United  States 
liquid  quart.  The  liter  is  defined  as  the 
volume  occiipied  by  a  kilogram  of  water  at  the 
temperature  of  maximum  density.  For  all 
practical  purposes  this  is  equivalent  to  say- 
ing that  the  LITER  is  equal  to  ONE  CUBIC 
DECIMETER.  A  comparison  with  the  corre- 
sponding United  States  measures  shows 
that  the  liter  is  equal  to  1.0563  liquid  quarts, 
or  0.9081  dry  quarts.  The  table  for  liquid 
measure,  in  the  Metric  System,  is  derived 
from  the  liter  in  precisely  the  same  way  as 


26  THE    METRIC    SYSTEM. 

the  table  for  long  measure  is  derived  from 
the  meter.     Thus  we  have 

10  milliliters  (ml.)  =  i  centiliter 

10  centiliters  (cl.)   =  i  deciliter 

10  deciliters  (dl.)     =  i  liter 

i, ooo  liters  (1.)         =  i  kiloliter  (kl.) 

There  is  no  distinction,  in  the  Metric 
System,  between  "  wet  "  and  "dry  "  meas- 
ure. 

LAND    MEASURE. 

For  convenience  in  measuring  land,  the 
unit  called  the  ARE  was  proposed.  The 
ARE  is  equal  to  the  area  of  a  square  whose 
edges  are  each  10  meters  long;  and  hence 
it  is  equivalent  to  0.024711  of  an  acre.  The 
table  for  land  measure  is  as  follows: 

10  milliares  (ma.)  =  i  centare 
10  centares  (ca.)     =  i  deciare 
10  declares  (da.)     =  i  are 
10  ares  (a.)  =  i  decare 

10  decares  (de.)      —  i  hectare  (he.) 

The  HECTARE,  equal  to  2.4711  acres,  is 
the  unit  commonly  employed  in  measuring 
tracts  of  land  of  any  considerable  size. 

MISCELLANEOUS   UNITS. 

In  addition  to  the  units  of  measurement 
that  have  already  been  mentioned,  certain 
compound  units  have  been  tabulated  in  the 


UNITS    DERIVED    FROM    THE    METER.      27 

pages  that  follow.  It  is  believed  that  these 
will  be  almost  self-explanatory.  The  Eng- 
lish and  American  unit  for  the  measure- 
ment of  WORK  is  the  FOOT-POUND,  which  is 
the  work  that  must  be  done  to  raise  a 
pound  through  a  height  of  one  foot.  The 
corresponding  metric  unit  is  the  KILOGRAM- 
METER,  which  is  the  work  that  must  be 
done  in  order  to  raise  a  weight  of  one 
kilogram  through  a  height  of  one  meter. 
Since  a  kilogram  is  equal  to  2.20462  pounds, 
and  a  meter  is  equal  to  3.28084  feet,  it  fol- 
lows that  one  KILOGRAM-METER  is  equal 

tO    2.20462  X  3.28084  —  7.23300  FOOT-POUNDS. 

The  other  compound  units  are  derived  in 
the  same  simple  way.  The  only  units 
that  still  call  for  special  mention  appear  to 
be  those  used  for  the  measurement  of  heat 
and  power.  The  English  unit  of  heat,  is  the 
quantity  of  heat  required  to  raise  the  tem- 
perature of  one  pound  of  water  one  degree 
on  the  Fahrenheit  scale.  The  correspond- 
ing metric  unit  is  the  CALORIE,  which  is  the 
heat  required  to  raise  the  temperature  of  a 
kilogram  of  water  one  degree  on  the  Cen- 
tigrade scale.  A  kilogram  being  equal, 
to  2.20462  pounds,  and  a  Centigrade 
degree  being  equal  to  1.8  Fahrenheit 
degrees,  it  follows  that  the  CALORIE  is 
equal  to  1.8  x  2.20462  =  3.96832  English 
heat  units.  The  metric  unit  for  meas- 


28  THE    METRIC    SYSTEM. 

uring  the  power  of  a  steam  engine  or 
other  prime  mover  is  the  FORCE  DE  CHEVAL, 
which  is  defined  as  equal  to  the  performing 
of  4,500  kilogram -meters  per  minute.  A 
kilogram-meter  being  equal  to  7.233  foot- 
pounds, it  follows  that  the  FORCE  DE  CHEVAL 
is  equal  to  4,500  x  7.233  =  32,549  foot-pounds 
per  minute.  The  HORSE-POWER  being 
equal  to  the  performance  of  33,000  foot- 
pounds of  work  per  minute,  it  follows  that 
the  FORCE  DE  CHEVAL  is  equal  to  32, 549  -=- 
33,000  =  0.98633  of  a  HORSE-POWER. 

THERMOMETER    SCALES. 

The  Centigrade  thermometer  scale, 
though  not  properly  a  part  of  the  Metric 
System,  may  be  mentioned  in  this  place. 
On  the  Fahrenheit  scale  the  freezing  point 
of  water  is  defined  as  32°,  and  the  size  of 
the  degrees  is  fixed  by  defining  the  differ- 
ence in  temperature  between  the  freezing 
and  boiling  points  to  be  180°.  This  is  a 
clumsy  sort  of  scale,  and  little  can  be  said 
in  favor  of  it  except  that  it  is  in  use  in 
England  and  the  United  States.  The 
Centigrade  scale  was  determined  by  defin- 
ing the  freezing  point  of  water  to  be  o°, 
and  the  boiling  point  to  be  100°.  The  fol- 
lowing rules  result  from  these  definitions: 
To  convert  a  given  reading  on  the  Fahren- 
heit scale  to  its  equivalent  on  the  Centi- 


USE    OF    THE    TABLES.  29 

grade  scale,  subtract  32°  and  divide  the  re- 
mainder by  1.8.  To  convert  a  given  read- 
ing on  the  Centigrade  scale  to  its  equiva- 
lent on  the  Fahrenheit  scale,  multiply  it 
by  1.8  and  to  the  product  add  32°. 

USE    OF   THE  TABLES. 

The  tables  appended  hereto  are  intended 
to  facilitate  the  comparison  of  the  metric 
system  with  the  weights  and  measures 
used  in  this  country.  They  are  arranged 
in  order,  beginning  with  simple  measures 
of  distance,  under  which  head  centimeters 
are  compared  with  inches,  meters  with  feet, 
and  kilometers  with  miles.  The  next  set 
of  tables  refers  to  measures  of  area,  and 
square  inches,  square  feet,  square  yards, 
square  miles,  and  acres,  are  compared  with 
the  corresponding  metric  measures.  Cubic 
measure  is  next  considered,  and  cubic 
inches,  cubic  feet,  cubic  yards,  fluid 
ounces,  dry  quarts,  liquid  quarts,  gallons, 
etc.,  are  tabulated.  Measures  of  weight 
come  next,  and  in  this  set  of  tables  we 
find  grains,  ounces,  pounds,  tons,  etc. 
The  last  set  of  tables  contains  miscellane- 
ous complex  units,  such  as  foot-pounds, 
pounds-per-square-inch,  etc.,  which  are 
compared  with  the  corresponding  metric 
units. 

It  is  believed  that  these  tables  require 


30  THE    METRIC    SYSTEM. 

but  little  further  explanation.  If  we  open 
at  any  part,  we  find  a  table  for  reduc- 
ing a  given  number  of  units  in  the  met- 
ric system  to  the  corresponding  units  em- 
ployed in  this  country-;  and  immedi- 
ately following  we  find  a  similar  table 
for  performing  the  converse  operation  — 
namely,  for  reducing  a  given  number  of 
United  States  units  to  the  corresponding 
metric  equivalent.  For  example,  if  we 
wish  to  know  how  many  square  inches 
there  are  in  38  square  centimeters,  we 
turn  to  page  60,  where  we  see  at  once 
that  38  square  centimeters  are  equivalent 
to  5.89001  square  inches.  If  we  wish  to 
know  how  many  square  centimeters  there 
are  in  26  square  inches,  we  look  in  the 
immediately  following  table,  and  there 
we  find  that  26  square  inches  are  equiva- 
lent to  167.742  square  centimeters.  It  will 
be  noticed  that  the  tables  run  only  to  100 
units  of  any  given  kind.  If  we  wish  to 
know  the  value  of  a  larger  number  of 
units  than  this,  we  may  proceed  as  fol- 
lows :  If  the  proposed  number  is  com- 
posed entirely  of  ciphers,  except  for  the 
first  one  or  two  figures,  we  can  deduce 
the  desired  equivalent  directly  from  the 
tables,  by  merely  shifting  the  decimal 
point  one  place  to  the  right  for  every 
cipher  that  follows  the  significant  figures 


USE    OF    THE    TABLES.  31 

with  which  the  proposed  number  begins. 
Thus,  suppose  we  wished  to  reduce  980 
cubic  meters  to  its  equivalent  in  cubic 
yards.  The  table  that  we  have  to  use 
is  given  on  pages  88  and  89.  We  find, 
here,  that  98  cubic  meters=  128. 1790  cubic 
yards;  and  hence  980  cubic  meters =1281.- 
790  cubic  yards.  If  we  were  required  to 
reduce  4600  cubic  meters  to  cubic  yards, 
we  should  find  that  46  cubic  meters=6o.- 
1657  cubic  yards,  and  hence  4600  cubic 
meters =6,01 6. 57 -cubic  yards.  Similarly, 
54,000  cubic  meters =70, 629. 2  cubic  yards, 
and  770,000  cubic  meters  =1,007, 120.  cubic 
yards.  If  the  proposed  number  contains 
more  than  two  significant  figures,  we  may 
split  it  up  into  two  or  more  other  numbers, 
each  of  which  consists  of  not  more  than 
two  such  figures,  and  then  we  can  deduce 
the  values  of  each  of  these  partial  numbers, 
and  by  adding  the  equivalent  numbers  so 
found,  we  can  deduce  the  equivalent  of  the 
number  originally  proposed.  Thus,  sup- 
pose we  wished  to  know  how  many  inches 
there  are  in  4,189  centimeters.  (The  table 
that  we  have  to  use  is  given  on  pages  44 
and  45.)  We  see  that  4,189=4,100+89. 
Hence  the  operation  is  as  follows  : 
4100  cm.  =  1614. 172  in. 
89  cm.=  35.03935  in. 

.\  4189  cm.  =  1649.21135  cm. 


32  THE    METRIC    SYSTEM. 

As  the  table  does  not  give  us  the  equiv- 
alent of  4100  centimeters  to  more  than 
three  decimal  places,  the  value  of  4189 
centimeters,  as  obtained  above,  cannot  be 
regarded  as  correct  to  more  than  three 
places  of  decimals.  Hence  we  reject  the 
last  two  decimals  in  the  result  already 
found,  and  we  have 

4189  centimeters  =1649. 21 1  inches. 

Of  course  we  may  divide  up  the  proposed 
number  in  any  way  wre  please,  for  the  pur- 
pose of  resolving  it  into  other  numbers  of 
two  significant  figures  each.  We  wrote 
4189=4100+89,  merely  because  that  is  the 
easiest  decomposition  of  this  sort  that  can 
be  found.  But  we  might  have  decomposed 
it  in  any  other  manner.  For  example,  we 
might  split  it  up  this  way : 

4189^3800+290+43+56. 
Then  the  work  would  be  : 

3800  cm.  =  1496.062      in. 

290  cm.  =  114.1732    in. 

43  cm.=     16.92913  in. 

56  cm.  -—     22.04723  in. 

.-.4189  cm. -i 649.2 1 1 56  in. 

Here,  as  before,  we  must  regard  the  last 
two  figures  as  inaccurate,  because  the 
table  does  not  give  us  the  value  of  3800 


USE    OF    THE    TABLES.  33 

centimeters  to  more  than  three  places  of 
decimals.  The  result  obtained  by  split- 
ting up  a  proposed  number  in  different 
ways  will  sometimes  differ  among  them- 
selves by  a  unit  in  the  last  decimal  place. 
This  arises  from  the  fact  that  only  a 
limited  number  of  decimal  places  have 
been  preserved  in  the  tables. 

This  source  of  apparent  error  can  never 
be  avoided  in  tabulating  incommensur- 
able quantities,  for  no  matter  how  many 
decimal  places  are  preserved,  the  last  one 
is  necessarily  too  great  or  too  small,  and 
the  sum  of  two  or  more  numbers  taken 
from  the  table  is  liable  to  be  slightly 
in  error  in  the  last  place.  If  the  table  is 
accurate  the  error  thus  introduced  can 
never  exceed  one  unit  in  the  last  place 
when  two  tabular  numbers  are  added  ;  and, 
in  general,  it  cannot  exceed  y^n  units  in 
the  last  place  when  n  numbers  are  added. 
In  the  present  tables,  it  is  believed  that  the 
decimal  places  have  been  carried  out  far 
enough  to  ensure  that  errors  of  this  sort, 
in  practice,  will  have  no  important  effect. 

The  examples  that  have  now  been  given 
will  suffice  to  illustrate  the  use  of  all  the 
tables  except  those  on  pages  188  to  189, 
where  the  Fahrenheit  and  Centigrade  ther- 
mometers are  compared.  The  engravings 


34  THE   METRIC   SYSTEM. 

on  pages  190  to  192  will  give,  at  a  glance,  a 
good  idea  of  how  these  two  scales  compare 
at  different  points;  and  the  tables  enable 
us  to  calculate,  to  the  nearest  hundredth 
of  a  degree,  the  reading  on  either  one  of 
these  scales,  which  corresponds  to  a  given 
reading  on  the  other  one.  The  rule  for  per- 
forming this  calculation  without  the  tables, 
has  been  given  already,  on  page  28.  It 
only  remains  to  show  how  the  calculation 
is  facilitated  by  the  use  of  the  tables.  The 
table  on  page  188  gives  a  direct  comparison 
for  every  five  degrees  on  the  Centigrade 
scale  up  to  230°,  and  then  for  every  ten 
degrees  up  to  470°.  Suppose  that  a  Fah- 
renheit thermometer  and  a  Centigrade 
thermometer  are  exposed,  side  by  side,  to 
a  given  temperature.  If  the  Centigrade 
instrument  reads  170°,  we  see  from  the 
table  that  the  Fahrenheit  instrument  will 
read  338°;  if  the  Centigrade  thermometer 
reads  o°,  the  Fahrenheit  one  will  read  32°; 
if  the  Fahrenheit  one  reads  212°,  the  Centi- 
grade one  will  read  100°;  and  if  the  Fah- 
renheit one  reads  788°,  the  Centigrade  one 
will  read  420°.  A  given  temperature  on 
either  scale  may  thus  be  translated  directly 
into  its  equivalent  on  the  other  one,  pro- 
vided the  given  temperature  can  be  found 
in  the  table  on  page  iS8.  If  it  cannot  be 
found  there,  we  have  to  make  use  of  the 


USE   OF   THE   TABLES.  35 

auxiliary  table  on  page  1 89,  as  illustrated  in 
the  examples  which  follow.  Suppose  the 
Centigrade  instrument  reads  42°,  and  we 
wish  to  know  the  corresponding  reading 
on  the  Fahrenheit  one.  We  do  not  find 
42°  in  the  Centigrade  column,  but  we  do 
find  40°,  and  its  equivalent  in  the  Fahren- 
heit system  is  104°.  Turning  now  to  the 
auxiliary  table  on  the  next  page,  we  see 
that  a  2°  interval  on  a  Centigrade  ther- 
mometer is  equivalent  to  an  interval  of 
3.6°  on  a  Fahrenheit  instrument.  Hence 
we  obtain  the  equivalent  of  42°  C.,  as 
follows: 

40°  C.  =  104.°    Fahr.  (p.  188). 
Correction  for  2°  C.  =      3.6°       "     (p.  189). 

Hence,  42°  C.=  107.6°  Fahr. 
We  might  have  based  our  calculation  on 
any  other  reading  in  the  main  table,  which 
is  within  20°  of  the  given  temperature  of 
42°  (the  20°  being  the  greatest  interval 
tabulated  on  page  189).  Thus,  we  could 
base  it  upon  the  reading  55°  in  the  first 
column.  We  note  that  42°  =  55° —  13°,  and 
the  calculation  is  as  follows : 

55°  C.  =  131.0   Fahr.(p.  188). 
Correction  for  13°  C.  =    23.4°     "     (p.  189). 

Hence,  42°  C.  =  107.6°  Fahr. 
which  is  the  same  result  as  we  obtained 
before.     By  way  of  completing  the  expla- 


36  THE    METRIC    SYSTEM. 

nation  of  these  tables,  let  us  suppose  that 
it  is  desired  to  reduce  the  Fahrenheit  tem- 
perature 703.89°  to  its  equivalent  on  the 
Centigrade  scale.  The  work  is  as  follows: 

703.89°  =  698°  4-  5°  +  .8°  +  .09° 
Then 

698.°  Fahr.= 370.°      C.  (p.i88). 
Correction  for  5.°      "     =     2.78°  C.  (p.  189). 

"      .8°    "     =       .444°C. 

"     .09°  "     =       .Q5o°C. 
Hence,  703, 89°Fahr.=  373. 27406. 

But  since  the  correction  for  5°  Fahr.  is  only 
given  to  two  places  of  decimals,  the  third 
decimal  in  the  result  cannot  have  any  pre- 
tension to  accuracy;  so  that,  preserving  the 
nearest  unit  in  the  second  decimal  place, 
our  conclusion  is,  that  when  a  Fahrenheit 
thermometer  reads  703.89°,  a  Centigrade 
thermometer,  exposed  to  the  same  condi- 
tions, will  read  373.27°. 


DATA 

Used  in  Computing  the  Tables. 


THE    METRIC    SYSTEM. 


O  moo  co   O  O 

~~  -<tco  co  O  O 

Tfoo    N    O    Tl- 


IH   OO    O   N  CO      N    O    O   co  I^oo 

O  -3-  co  M  N   o    r^  <s  N  co  ^J-  O      to  -<tco  co 

O  co  O   m  coo      W    O  co    O  m  O 

moo  co  O  M     r^o  cj  >n  i->-o      O  oo  co  1-1 

co  m  o  ^  O  co 


O 


_  '  O  co     t^co   ooo  ^  M 
minor^'-iO      omcor^mi-i 

o  6  o  o  o  M     o  o  o"  06  M  6 


Oco    O 


CO          O 
O  l-i    N    CO 

O     oo   O  in  N   CO 


N  <N  ^-O   O  m 

HH      O      O     t^O     M 

OCO    CO   O  CO    W 


to  O   co  M   ir>  en 
Ooo    O^  N  vn«O 

CO  N     O  vO    M    t^« 


inO    M    M    r}-  tNi      O  COO    •** 
Oco  r^o  *-i  O      co  co  mo 

t-iCOTfrOCOCO      NOOWCO 


O   O 
co  N 


OCOMOOO       wO 


'-  9J           Hj                      *J   "qj 

J|  ||     I  6fe    l.§ 

e    4)    OJ  P  9  a 

B«M^,  UM_2UCJU         °     ^     1^     h     1^     >- 

^"g  §s«£££3£.2i.2«.£ 

a^cr  O-D^JIJIJI    553^3^ 


3  8 


DATA    USED. 


39 


000000  CO  O    N  CO    O  ID  iDl^tONN 
\D  ID  W     ^   ^  ^  O     0s  ^"  Ml  CO  O  t^»  *D   O^  CO  CO 

01  f^  CO  ID  CO   O  O^  O  O     O    Ml     O        ID  Ml    ID  £"•"•  M    O 

MO^^^COCO  M  o  co  o  coo     MI  o  c^  co  t-^  r>- 

co  M  co  t^  co  w  r^co  M  co  o^co 

ID  XDCO   •^•^tTT  OMi-iiDtnO^ 

O]>^MI>DCOO  ID'rJ-COMICOlD 

QNMMCOOO'  cdo'c^MOCJ       COO  G>CO°    O^CO 


O    Tt-  M    ID  IDO 


_   8  a 

«       tS    3 


ry  quar 
ushels. 


§8  2 

&.2    -^ 


a    js 


U.  S. 
U.  S. 


is 
is 
( 


.3:3°  v°^ 
wi  T3  T3  ^ 

S>i  II  HH 

rt 

«       cocoMio  Oooo        r^oo 

co        ^  r>i  o*  MI  iDCMMir\OMi 

OOCOWOCO  M.MCOCOOCO 


co  f>  <N  ID  rf  N 

O  r^  co  co  o  O 

CT> 


CO  MI    O  O 

O^  f^^  t^-co    O^ 
MI  co  N  r^  co 

CO   O    Tf  t^  rt 
W  CO 


M    O  *^-  CO  COCO  O  CO 

COTfOWM       OONWWO      CO.^iDOCOO 


co     M    O    O    O    O    O 

8^ 

co 


o5  fi 

e  u 


-§o>«s^  «ssas 
^  a  s  2  h  i  s  c  3 II  <3  .« ' 


1  8      S 

O  4)    OJ 


»  S.9  a 

§    hn«    bJO 


o 


THE    METRIC    SYSTEM. 


O^  M    rj-  O  CO 
co  mo 
CO  HI 


o  r-»  co  N 

oo   M   m  0s 

M    O    rt  O 


m 


M  1-1  co  co 
11  ir> 


« 

N     M     O 
ON  TtO 


O  co       O  O 


1-1  r-^  r~-  r>-  m  m 

O    ^  O^  m  O  O 

o  M  d»  d  6*  d 


- 


B 

OJ 

_  "5 

2  a 


g 
i  w  »;  S  £  s 

•^     <U    <U    5     p*    rt 

§  s  §3  srl 


11  si  -sss  ii 

«e    as'     «t!o^c 


^  .H  .H  .H     ."  •"      •    M    («    tn 

O     U  M  ^  ^  ^ 


g.£  8 

ft  «,O,  u  o 


M  I-H          CO            O^CO 

rl-O   co  co    O*  m  COO   in  O        co         ^f 

•<*OO  NcococOMinco         O^OinN 

O^  M    CT'VO    O   co  m  M    O"O   t*-  N    O 

C<  O    O^  ^  l^>-oo    ^  co   cOvO  vO   ^n  i— ( 

O  COCO     O  CO    N  O  vO  CO    TfCO    CO  Tf 

O  comrj-coot^  MinO^l^iHin 

d  d  i-.'  o  d  o"  ci  6  o  o'  o"  TJ-  d*  o  co  H  •^i 


O  co  •<*•  COO 
O  rt  ^t-  OM-. 
Tj-  O  M  Q  u- 


"So    1- 

CO       °* 


» s 

II 


H     bi3       °°ii  °  ^  «  x  •"  » 

s  S  213^,5  2*°cocfi*c*-3 

cr1  cr1  P    3    S    S  ?J     •     •     •  'C  'C 

UUU  U^DDpQCQ 


DATA    USED. 


trj-co  M  M  m 

0s*  CO  O^CO    O^  tOCO 

NMCOOOM  Om 

rf  mo  co  M  T^-  in  o 

M  &  6  oo  CT>  d^  o  d 


m  co  t^oo  co 


O  O  O 

-  M  co  o^ 

O    M    N 


O    N 

0*    M 


_. 


r 

i 

M  ttfr* 


s  g  §  g 

S  P  R  S  B  « 


B 

.S.M 

is 

S  6 


co  O^  CTSCO      O     .    . .    _ 
Nr^mmw     mNTfcod 


* 

"g;** 


CO  M    CO          N 

N   t^.  OO  m  rt 
coco   c^  rj-  mco 


M    O    O  CO    O 


COCOWOCOM        OCO  OCO  O    M 


d  o  o*    o 


tl  3  o  o    ^s-*  M  "" 

1^  o  ^|  £4 

cr''£3  *o  'o  ^" 

>?%  eucufi 

tj  ,11* 


3  o  -  a  c  rt 
o  P..5"-  o  c 

^<t>    «  T3  *^  'e 

S3   M  -S 


TABLES 


44 


THE    METRIC    SYSTEM. 


CENTIMETERS  TO  INCHES. 


Centimeters. 

Inches. 

Centimeters.            Inches. 

I 

2 

0-39370 
0.78740 

26 
27 

10.23622 
10.62992 

3 

4 

i.  18110 
i.5748o 

28 
29 

11.02362 
11.41732 

5 

1.96850 

30 

11.81102 

6 

7 

2.36220 
2.75590 

31 
32 

12.20472 
12.59842 

8 
9 

3-14960 

3-54331 

33 
34 

12.99212 

13-38582 

10 

3-93701 

35 

13.77952 

ii 

12 

4-33071 
4.72441 

36 
37 

14.17322 
14.56692 

13 
14 

5.11811 
5.51181 

38 
39 

14.96062 
15.35432 

15                   5-9055I 

40 

15-74802 

16             6.29921 
17             6.69291 

41            16.14172 
42            16.53543 

18 
19 

7.08661 
7-48031 

43 
44 

16.92913 
17.32283 

20 

7.87401 

45 

17-71653 

21 
22 

8.26771 
8.66141 

46           18.11023 
47            18.50393 

23 

24 

9-05511 
9.44881 

48 
49 

18.89763 
19.29133 

25 

9.84252 

50 

19.68503 

LONG    MEASURE. 


45 


CENTIMETERS  TO  INCHES. 


Centimeters. 

Inches. 

Centimeters. 

Inches. 

51 
52 

20.07873 
20.47243 

76 

77 

29.92125 
30.31495 

53 
54 

20.86613 
21.25983 

78 
79 

30.70865 
3LI0235 

55 

21.65353 

80 

31.49605 

56 

57 

22.04723 
22.44093 

81 
82 

31.88975 
32-28345 

58 
59 

22.83463 
23.22834 

83 
84 

32.67715- 
33.07085 

60 

23.62204 

85 

33-46455 

61 
62 

24.01574 
24.40944 

86 
87 

33.85825 
34.25195 

63 
64 

24.80314 
25.19684 

88 
89 

34.64565 
35.03935 

65 

25.59054 

90 

35.43305 

66 
67 

25.98424 
26.37794 

91 
92 

35.82675 
36.22046 

68 
69 

26.77164 
27.16534 

93 

94 

36.61416 
37.00786 

70 

27.55904 

95 

37.40156 

7i 
72 

27.95274 
28.34644 

96 
97 

37.79526 
38.18896 

73 
74 

28.74014 
29.13384 

98 
99 

38.58266 
38.97636 

75 

29-52754 

100 

39.37006 

46 


THE  METRIC  SYSTEM. 


INCHES  TO  CENTIMETERS. 


Inches. 

Centimeters. 

Inches. 

Centimeters. 

I 

2.5400 

26 

66  .  0400 

2 

5.0800 

27 

68.5800 

3 

7.6200 

28 

71.1200 

4 

10.1600 

29 

73  .  6600 

5 

12.7000 

30 

76  .  2000 

6 

15.2400 

31 

78.7400 

7 

17.7800 

32 

81.2800 

8 

20.3200 

33 

83.8200 

9 

22.8600 

34 

86.3600 

10 

25.4000 

35 

88.9000 

ii 

27.9400 

36 

91.4400 

12 

30.4800 

37 

93-98oo 

13 

33-0200 

38 

96.5200 

14 

35-56oo 

39 

99.0600 

15 

38.1000 

40 

101.6000 

16 

40.6400 

4i 

104.1400 

17 

43.1800 

42 

106.6800 

18 

45  •  72oo 

43 

109.2200 

19 

48.2600 

44 

III.  7600 

20 

50.8000 

45 

114.3000 

21 

53-3400 

46 

116.8400 

22 

55.8800 

47 

119.3800 

23 

58.4200 

48 

121.9200 

24 

60.9600 

49 

124.4600 

25 

63  .  5000 

50 

127.0000 

LONG    MEASURE. 


47 


INCHES  TO  CENTIMETERS. 


Inches. 

Centimeters. 

Inches. 

Centimeters. 

51 
52 

129.5401 
J32.080I 

76 

77 

193.0401 
195.5801 

53 

54 

I34.62OI 
I37.I60I 

78 
79 

I98.I20I 
200.6601 

55 

I39-700I 

80 

2O3  .  2OOI 

56 
57 

142  .  24OI 
144.7801 

81 
82 

205  .  7401 
208.2801 

58 
59 

147.3201 
149.8601 

83 
84 

210.8201 
213.3601 

60 

152.4001 

85 

215.9001 

61 
62 

154.9401 
157.4801 

86 
87 

2I8.440I 
220.9801 

63 
64 

I6O.O2OI 
162.5601 

88 
89 

223.5201 
226.O6OI 

65 

I65.IOOI 

90 

228.6001 

66 
67 

167.6401 
170.1801 

9i 
92 

23I.I40I 
233.6801 

68 
69 

172.7201 
175    2601 

93 
94 

236.2201 
238.7601 

70 

177.8001 

95 

241  .  3OOI 

7i 
72 

180.3401 
182.8801 

96 
97 

243.8401 
246  .  3801 

73 
74 

185.4201 
187.9601 

98 
99 

248.9201 
251.4601 

75 

190.5001 

100 

254.OOOI 

48 


THE  METRIC  SYSTEM. 


METERS  TO  FEET. 


Meters. 

Feet. 

Meters. 

Feet. 

I 
2 

3.281 
6.562 

26 

27 

85.302 
88.583 

3 

4 

9.843 
13.123 

28 
29 

91.863 
95.144 

5 

16.404 

30 

93.425 

6 

7 

19.685 
22.966 

31 
32 

101.706 
104.987 

8 
9 

26  247 

29.528 

33 
34 

108.268 
HI.548 

10 

32.808 

35 

114.829 

ii 

12 

36.089 
39-370 

36 
37 

118.110 
121.391 

13 
14 

42.651 
45-932 

38 
39 

124.672 
127-953 

15 

49.213 

40 

131-234 

16 
17 

52.493 

55-774 

4i 
42 

I34.5I4 
137-795 

18 
19 

59-055 
62.336 

43 
44 

141.076 
144-357 

20 

65.617 

45 

147-638 

21 
22 

68.898 
72.178 

46 

47 

150.919 
154.199 

23 

24 

75-459 
78.740 

48 
49 

157.480 
160.761 

25 

82.021 

50 

164.042 

LONG    MEASURE. 


49 


METERS  TO  FEET. 


Meters. 

Feet. 

Meters. 

Feet. 

51 
52 

167.323 
170.604 

76 

77 

249.344 
252.625 

53 
54 

173.884 
177.165 

78 
79 

255.905 
259.  186 

55 

180.446 

80 

262.467 

56 

57 

183.727 
187.008 

81 
82 

265.748 
269.029 

58 
59 

190.289 
193.569 

83 
84 

272.310 
275.590 

60 

196.850 

85 

278.871 

61 

62 

200.131 
203.412 

86 
87 

282.152 
285.433 

63 

64 

206  .  693 

209  .  974 

88 
89 

288.714 
291.995 

65 

213.254 

90 

295.275 

66 
67 

216.535 
219.816 

9i 
92 

298.556 
301.837 

68 
69 

223.097 
226.378 

93 
94 

305.118 
308.399 

70 

229.659 

95 

311.680 

7i 
72 

232.939 
236.220 

96 

97 

314.960 
318.241 

73 
74 

239.501 

242.782 

98 
99 

321.522 
324-803 

75 

246.063 

100 

328.084 

THE   METRIC    SYSTEM. 


FEET  TO  METERS. 


Feet. 

Meters. 

Feet. 

Meters. 

I 
2 

0.3048 

o  .  6096 

26 
27 

7.9248 
8.2296 

3 

4 

0.9144 
1.2192 

28 
29 

8-5344 
8.8392 

5 

1.5240 

30 

9.1440 

6 
7 

1.8288 
2.1336 

31 
32 

9.4488 
9-7536 

8 
9 

2.4384 
2.7432 

33 
34 

10.0584 
10.3632 

10 

3.0480 

35 

10.6680 

ii 

12 

3-3528 
3-6576 

36 
37 

10.9728 
11.2776 

13 
14 

3.9624 
4.2672 

38 
39 

11.5824 

11.8872 

15 

4-5720 

40 

I2.I92O 

16 
17 

4.8768 
5.1816 

4i 
42 

12.4968 
12.  8016 

18 
19 

5.4864 
5-79!2 

43 
44 

13.1064 
13.4112 

20 

6.0960 

45 

13.7160 

21 
22 

6.4008 
6.7056 

46 

47 

14.0208 
I4o256 

23 

24 

7.0104 
7-3152 

48 
49 

14.6304 
I4.9352 

25 

7.6200 

50 

15.2400 

LONG    MEASURE. 


FEET  TO  METERS. 


Feet. 

Meters. 

Feet. 

Meters. 

51 
52 

15.5448 
15.8496 

76 

77 

23.1648 
23-4696 

53 
54 

16.1544 
16.4592 

78 
79 

23-7744 
24.0792 

55 

16.7640 

80 

24.3840 

56 

57 

17.0688 
I7-3736 

81 
82 

24.6888 
24.9936 

58 
59 

17.6784 
17.9832 

83 
84 

25.2984 
25.6032 

60 

18.2880 

85 

25.9080 

61 
62 

18.5928 
18.8976 

86 
87 

26.2128 
26.5176 

£3' 

64 

19.2024 
I9-5072 

88 
89 

26.8224 
27.1272 

65 

19.8120 

90 

27.4320 

66 
67 

20.II68 
20.4216 

9i 
92 

27.7368 
28.0416 

68 
69 

20.7264 
21.0312 

93 
94 

28.3464 
28.6512 

70 

21.3360 

95 

28.9560 

71 

72 

21.6408 
21.9456 

96 
97 

29.2608 
29.5656 

73 

74 

22.2504 

22.5552 

98 
99 

29.8704 
30.1752 

75 

22.8600 

100 

30  .  4800 

THE    METRIC    SYSTEM. 


METERS  TO  YARDS. 


Meters. 

Yards. 

Meters. 

Yards. 

L 

I 

1.0936 

26 

28.4339 

2 

2.1872 

27 

29.5276 

3 

3  .  2808 

28 

30.6212 

4 

4-3745 

29 

31.7148 

5 

5-4681 

30 

32.8084 

6 

6.5617 

31 

33.9020 

7 

7-6553 

32 

34.9956 

8 

8.7489 

33 

36.0892 

9 

9.8425 

34 

37.1828 

10 

10.9361 

35 

38.2765 

ii 

12.0297  . 

36 

39-3701 

12 

13.1234 

37 

40.4637 

13 

14.2170 

38 

41-5573 

14 

15.3106 

39 

42.6509 

15 

16.4042 

40 

43-7445 

16 

17.4978 

4i 

44-8381 

17 

18.5914 

42 

45.9317 

18 

19.6850 

43 

47.0254 

19 

20.7786 

44 

48.1190 

20 

21.8723 

45 

49.2126 

21 

22.9659 

46 

50.3062 

22 

24.0595 

47 

5L3998 

23 

25.1531 

48 

52.4934 

24 

26.2467 

49 

53.5870 

25 

27.3403 

50 

54.6806 

LONG    MEASURE. 


53 


METERS  TO  YARDS. 


Meters. 

Yards. 

Meters. 

Yards. 

51 
52 

55-7743 
56.8679 

76 

77 

83.1146 
84.2082 

53 

54 

57.9615 
59-055I 

78 
79 

85.3018 
86-3954 

55 

60.1487 

80 

87.4890 

56 

57 

61.2423 
62.3359 

81 
82 

88.5827 
89.6763 

58 
59 

63.4296 
64.5232 

83 

84 

90.7699 
91-8635 

60 

65.6168 

85 

92-957i 

61 
62 

66.7104 

67  .  8040 

86 

87 

94-0507 
95-1443 

63 

64 

68.8976 
69.9912 

88 
89 

96.2379 
97-33I6 

65 

71.0848 

90 

98-4252 

66 
67 

72.1785 
73-2721 

91 
92 

99-5188 
100.6124 

68 
69 

74.3657 
75-4593 

93 
94 

101  .  7060* 
102.7996 

70 

76.5529 

95 

103.8932 

7i 

72 

77.6465 
78.7401 

96 

97 

104.9868 
106.0805 

73 
74 

79-8337 
80.9274 

98 
99 

107.1741 
108.2677 

75 

82.0210 

100 

109.3613 

54 


THE    METRIC    SYSTEM. 


YARDS  TO  METERS. 


Yards. 

Meters. 

„ 

Yards. 

Meters. 

I 
2 

0.9144 
1.8288 

26 
27 

23-7744 
24.6888 

3 

4 

2.7432 
3.6576 

28 

29 

25.6032 
26.5176 

5 

4-5720 

30 

27.4320 

6 

7 

5-4864 
6.4008 

31 
32 

28.3464 
29.2608 

8 
9 

7.3152 
•       8.2296 

33 

34 

30.1752 
31  .0896 

10 

9.1440 

35 

32.0040 

ii 

12 

10.0584 
10.9728 

36 
37 

32.9184 
33.8328 

13 

14 

11.8872 
12.  8016 

38 
39 

34.7472 
35.66I6 

15 

I3.7I60 

40 

36.5760 

16 
17 

14.6304 
15.5448 

4i 
42 

37.4904 
38.4048 

18 
19 

16.4592 
17.3736 

43 
44 

39-3I92 
40.2336 

20 

18.2880 

45 

41  .  1480 

21 
22 

19.2024 
20.II68 

46 

47 

42.0624 
42.9768 

23 

24 

2I.O3I2 
21.9456 

48 
49 

43.8912 
44.8056 

25 

22  .  86OO 

50 

45.7200 

LONG    MEASURE. 


55 


YARDS  TO  METERS. 


Yards. 

Meters. 

Yards. 

Meters. 

51 
52 

46  .  6344 

47.5488 

76 

77 

69  .  4944 
70.4088 

53 
54 

48.4632 
49.3776 

78 
79 

71.3232 
72.2376 

55 

50.2920 

80 

73.1520 

56 

57 

5  i  .  2064 
52.1208 

81 
82 

74  .  0664 
74.9808 

58 
59 

53-0352 
S3-9496 

83 
84 

75.8952 
76.8096 

60 

54  .  8640 

85 

77.7240 

61 
62 

55.7784 
56.6928 

86 
87 

78.6384 
79.5528 

63 
64 

57.6072 
58.5216 

88 
89 

80.4672 
81.3816 

65 

59.4360 

90 

82  .  2960 

66 
67 

60.3504 
61.2648 

9i 
92 

83.2104 
84.1248 

68 
69 

62.1792 
63.0936 

93 
94 

85-0392 
85.9536 

70 

64.0080 

95 

86.8680 

7i 
72 

64.9224 

65.8368 

96 

97 

87.7824 
88.6968 

73 

74 

66.7512 
67.6656 

98 
99 

89.6112 
90.5256 

75 

68.5800 

IOO 

91.4400 

THE    METRIC    SYSTEM. 


KILOMETERS  TO  MILES. 


Kilometers. 

Miles. 

Kilometers. 

Miles. 

I 
2 

0.621 
1.243 

26 

27 

16.156 
16.777 

3 

4 

1.864 

2.485 

28 
29 

I7.398 
18.020 

5 

3.107 

30 

18.641 

6 

7 

3.728 
4-350 

31 
32 

19.262 
19.884 

8 
9 

4.971 
5-592 

33 
34 

20.505 
21.127 

10 

6.214 

35 

21.748 

ii 

12 

6.835 
7.456 

36 

37 

22.369 
22.991 

13 
H 

8.078 
8.699 

38 
39 

23.612 
24.233 

15 

9-321 

40 

24.855 

16 

17 

9  942 
10.563 

4i 
42 

25.476 
26.098 

18 
19 

11.185 
u.  806 

43 
44 

26.719 
27.340 

20 

12.427 

45 

27.962 

21 
22 

13.049 
13.670 

46 

47 

28.583 
29.204 

23 

24 

14.292 
I4-9I3 

48 
49 

29.826 
30.447 

25 

15-534 

50 

31.069 

LONG    MEASURE. 


57 


KILOMETERS  TO  MILES. 


Kilometers. 

Miles. 

Kilometers. 

Miles. 

51 
52 

31.690 
32.3H 

76 

77 

47.224 
47.846 

53 

54 

32.933 

33-554 

78 
79 

48.467 
49.088 

55 

34-175 

80 

49.710 

56 

57 

34-797 

35.418 

81 
82 

50.331 
50.952 

58 
59 

36  .  040 
36.661 

83 

84 

51-574 
52.195 

60 

37-282 

85 

52.817 

61 
62 

37.904 

38.525 

86 
87 

53.438 
54.059 

63 
64 

39.146 
39.768 

88 
89 

54.681 
55-302 

65 

40.389 

90 

55-923 

66 
67 

41.010 
41.632 

91 
92 

56.545 
57-166 

68 
69 

42.253 

42.875 

93 

94 

57.787 
58.409 

70 

43.496 

95 

59.030 

7i 
72 

44.117 
44.739 

96 

97 

59-652 
60.273 

73 

74 

45.36o 
45.981 

98 
99 

60.894 
61.516 

75 

46  .  603 

100 

6I.I37 

THE    METRIC    SYSTEM. 


MILES  TO  KILOMETERS. 


Miles. 

Kilometers. 

Miles. 

Kilometers. 

I 

1.609 

26 

41.843 

2 

3.219 

27 

43-452 

3 

4.828 

28 

45.062 

4 

6.437 

29 

46.671 

5 

8.047 

30 

48.280 

6 

9-656 

31 

49.890 

7 

11.265 

32 

51-499 

8 

12.875 

33 

53.108 

9 

14.484 

34 

54.718 

10- 

16.093 

35 

56.327 

ii 

17.703 

36 

57-936 

12 

19.312 

37 

59.546 

13 

20.921 

38 

6I.I55 

14 

22.531 

39 

62.764 

15 

24.140 

40 

64.374 

16 

25.750 

4i 

65.983 

17 

27-35$ 

42 

67.592 

18 

28.968 

43 

69  .  202 

19 

30.578 

44 

70.8II 

20 

32.187 

45 

72.420 

21 

33.796 

46 

74.030 

22 

35.406 

47 

75.639 

23 

3.7  -oi  5 

48 

77.249 

24 

38  .  624 

49 

78.858 

25 

40.234 

50 

80.467 

LONG    MEASURE. 


59 


MILES  TO  KILOMETERS. 


Miles. 

Kilometers. 

Miles. 

Kilometers. 

51 
52 

82.077 
83.686- 

76 

77 

I22.3IO 
123.919 

53 

54 

85.295 
86  .  905 

78 
79 

125.529 
127.138 

55 

88.514 

80 

128.748 

56 

57 

90.123 

91.733 

81 
82 

130.357 
131.966 

58 
59 

93-342 
94-951 

83 

84 

133.576 

135.185 

60 

96.561 

85 

136.794 

61 
62 

98.170 
99-779 

86 
87 

138.404 
140.013 

63 
64 

101.389 
102.998 

88 
89 

141.622 
143.232 

65 

104  .  607 

90 

144.841 

66 
67 

106.217 
107.826 

9i 
92 

146.450 
148  .  060 

68 
69 

109.435 
in  045 

93 
94 

149.669 
I5L278 

70 

112.654 

95 

152.888 

7i 
72 

114.263 

II5-873 

96 
97 

154-497 
156.106 

73 

74 

117.482 
119.091 

98 
99 

157.716 
I59.325 

75 

120.701 

100 

160.934 

6o 


THE    METRIC    SYSTEM. 


SQUARE  CENTIMETERS  TO  SQUARE  INCHES. 


Square 
Centimeters. 

Square  Inches. 

Square 
Centimeters. 

Square  Inches. 

I 
2 

0.15500 
0.31000 

26 
27 

4.03001 
4.18501 

3 

4 

0.46500 
0  .  62000 

28 
29 

4.34001 
4.49501 

5 

0.77500 

30 

4.65001 

6 

7 

o  .  93000 
1.08500 

31 
32 

4.80501 
4.96001 

8 
9 

I  .  24000 

1.39500 

33 

34 

5.II50I 
5.27001 

10 

1.55000 

35 

5.42501 

ii 

12 

I  .  70500 
I  .  86000 

36 

37 

5.58001 
5-73501 

13 
14 

2.01500 

2.  I7OOO 

38 
39 

5.89001 
6.04501 

15 

2.32500 

40 

6.20001 

16 

17 

2  .  48000 
2.63500 

42 

6.35501 
6.51001 

18 

2  .  79000 
2.94500 

43 
44 

6.66501 
6.82001 

20 

3  .  loooo 

45 

6.97501 

21 
22 

3.25500 
3.41000 

46 

47 

7.13001 
7.28501 

23 

24 

3-56500 
3  .  72000 

48 
49 

7.44001 
7-59501 

25 

3.87500 

50 

7.75001 

SQUARE    MEASURE. 


61 


SQUARE  CENTIMETERS  TO  SQUARE  INCHES. 


Square 
Centimeters. 

Square  Inches. 

Square 
Centimeters. 

Square  Inches. 

SI 
52     , 

7.90501 
8.06001 

76 

77 

11.78002 
11.93502 

53 
54 

8.2I50I 
8.37001 

78 
79 

12.09002 
12.24502 

55 

8.52501 

80 

I2.4OOO2 

56 

57 

8.68001 
8.83501 

81 
82 

12.55502 
I2.7IOO2 

58 
59 

8.99001 
9.I450I 

83 

84 

12.86502 
13.02002 

60 

9.30001 

85 

13.17502 

61 
62 

9-45501 
9.6IOOI 

86 
87 

13  .  33002 

13.48502 

63 
64 

9  76501 
9.92001 

88 
89 

13.64002 
13.79502 

65 

10.07501 

90 

13.95002 

66 
67 

10.23001 
10.38501 

91 
92 

14.10502 
14.26002 

68 
69 

10  54001 
10.69501 

93 
94 

14.41502 
14.57002 

70 

10.85001 

95 

14.72502 

7i 
72 

11.00501 
i  i.  16001 

96 
97 

14  .  88002 
15.03502 

73 

74 

11.31501 
11.47001 

98 
99 

I5.I9OO2 
I5-34502 

75 

11.62502 

zoo 

15    50002 

62 


THE    METRIC    SYSTEM. 


SQUARE  INCHES  TO  SQUARE  CENTIMETERS. 


Square 
Inches. 

Square 
Centimeters. 

Square 
Inches. 

Square 
Centimeters. 

I 

6.452 

26 

167.742 

2 

12.903 

27 

174.193 

3 

19-355 

28 

180.645 

4 

25.806 

29 

187.097 

5 

32.258 

30 

I93-548 

6 

38.710 

31 

2OO.OOO 

7 

45-161 

32 

206.451 

8 

51-613 

33 

212.903 

9 

58.064 

34 

219-355 

10 

64.516 

35 

225.806 

ii 

70.968 

36 

232.258 

12 

77.419 

37 

238.709 

13 

83-871 

38 

245.I6I 

14 

90.322 

39 

251.613 

15 

96.774 

40 

258.064 

16 

103.226 

4i 

264.516 

17 

109.677 

42 

270.967 

18 

116.129 

43 

277.419 

19 

122.581 

44 

283.871 

20 

129.032 

45 

290.322 

21 

I35-484 

46 

296.774 

22 

I4L935 

47 

303.225 

23 

148.387 

48 

309.677 

24 

154.839 

49 

316.129 

25 

161.290 

50 

322.580 

SQUARE    MEASURE. 


SQUARE  INCHES  TO  SQUARE  CENTIMETERS. 


Square 
Inches. 

Square 
Centimeters. 

Square 
Inches. 

Square 
Centimeters. 

51 
52 

329.032 
335-484 

76 

77 

490.322 
496.774 

53 

54 

341-935  ' 

348.387 

78 
79 

503-225 
509.677 

55 

354.838 

80 

516.128 

56 
57 

361.290 

367.742 

81 
82 

522.580 
529.032  . 

58 
59 

374.193 
380.645 

83 
84 

535.483 
541-935 

60 

387-096 

85 

548.387 

61 
62 

393.548 

400  .  ooo 

86 
87 

554.838 
561.290 

63 
64 

406.451 
412.903 

88 
89 

567.741 
574.193 

65 

419-354 

90 

580.645 

66 
67 

425.806 

432.258 

91 
92 

587.096 
593.548 

68 
69 

438.709 
445.161 

93 

94 

599.999 
606.451 

70 

451.612 

95 

612.903 

7i 
72 

458.064 

464.516 

96 
97 

619  354 
625.806 

73 

74 

470.967 
477.419 

98 
99 

632.257 
638.709 

75 

483.870 

100 

645.161 

THE    METRIC    SYSTEM. 


SQUARE  METERS  TO  SQUARE  FEET. 


*      Square 
Meters. 

Square  Feet. 

Square 
Meters. 

Square  Feet. 

I 

10.764 

26 

279.861 

2 

21.528 

27 

290.625 

3 

32.292 

28 

301.389 

4 

43-056 

29 

312.153 

5 

53-820 

30 

322.917 

6 

64.583 

31 

333-681 

7 

75-347 

32 

344-445 

8 

86.  in 

33 

355-209 

9 

96.875 

34 

365-973 

10 

107.639 

35 

376.737 

ii 

118.403 

36 

387-500 

12 

129.167 

37 

398  .  264 

13 

I39-93I 

38 

409.028 

14 

150.695 

39 

419.792 

15 

161.459 

40 

430.556 

16 

172.222 

41 

441  320 

17 

182.986 

42 

452.084 

18 

I93-750 

43 

462.848 

19 

204.514 

44 

473-612 

20 

215.278 

45 

484.376 

21 

226.042 

46 

495  •  139 

22 

236.806 

47 

505-903 

23 

247.570 

48 

516.667 

24 

258.334 

49 

527.431 

25 

269.098 

50 

538.195 

SQUARE    MEASURE. 


65 


SQUARE  METERS  TO  SQUARE  FEET. 


Square 
Meters. 

Square  Feet. 

Square 
Meters. 

Square  Feet. 

51 

52 

548.959 
559-723 

76 

77 

818.056 
828.820 

53 
54 

570.487 
581.251 

78 
79 

839-584 
850.348 

55 

592.015 

80 

86I.II2 

56 

57 

602.778 
613.542 

81 
82 

871.876 
882.640 

58 
59 

624  .  306 
635.070 

83 
84 

893.404 
904.168 

60 

645  •  834 

85 

914.932 

61 
62 

656.598 
667.362 

86 
87 

925.695 
936.459 

63 

64 

678.126 
688.890 

88 
89 

947.223 
957.987 

65 

699.654 

90 

968.751 

66 
67 

710.417 
72I.I8I 

9i 
92 

979-5I5 
990.279 

68 
69 

731-945 
742  .  709 

93 
94 

1001.043 
IOII.807 

70 

753-473 

95 

1022.571 

71 
72 

764.237 
775-001 

96 

97 

1033  334 
1044.098 

73 

74 

785-765 
796.529 

98 
99 

1054.862 
1065.626 

75 

807.293 

IOO 

1076.390 

66 


THE  METRIC  SYSTEM. 


SQUARE  FEET  TO  SQUARE  METERS. 


Square 
Feet. 

Square  Meters 

Square 
Feet. 

Square  Meters. 

I 
2 

0.09290 
0.18581 

26 
27 

2.41548 
2.50838 

3 

4 

0.27871 
0.37161 

28 
29 

2.60129 
2.69419 

5 

0.46452 

30 

2.78709 

6 

7 

0.55742 
0.65032 

31 
32 

2.88000 
2.97290 

8 
9 

0.74322 
0.83613 

33 
34 

3.06580 
3.I587I 

10 

0.92903 

35 

3.25161 

ii 

12 

I.02I93 
1.11484 

36 

37 

3.34451 
3-43742 

13 
14 

1.20774 
I  .  30064 

38 
39 

3.53032 
3.62322 

15 

1-39355 

40 

3.7I6I2 

16 
17 

1.48645 
1-57935 

4i 
42 

3.80903 
3.90193 

18 
19 

1.67226 
1.76516 

43 
44 

3.99483 
4.08774 

20 

1.85806 

45 

4.18064 

21 
22 

1.95097 

2.04387 

46 

47 

4-27354 
4.36645 

23 

24 

2.13677 
2.22967 

48 
49 

4-45935 
4.55225 

25 

2.32258 

50 

4.64516 

SQUARE    MEASURE. 


SQUARE  FEET  TO  SQUARE  METERS. 


Square 
Feet. 

Square  Meters. 

Square 
Feet. 

Square  Meters. 

51 
52 

4-73806 
4-83096 

76 

77 

7  .  06064 

7.15354 

53 
54 

4.92386 
5-OI677 

78 
79 

7.24644 

7-33935 

55 

5  •  10967 

80 

7.43225 

56 
57 

5-20257 
5.29548 

81 
82 

7-525I5 
7.61806 

58 
59 

5.38838 
5.48128 

83 

84 

7.71096 
7.80386 

60 

5-574I9 

85 

7.89676 

61 
62 

5.66709 
5-75999 

86 
87 

7.98967 
8.08257 

63 

64 

5-85290 
5.9458o 

88 
89 

8.17547 
8.26838 

65 

6.03870 

90 

8.36128 

66 
67 

6.13161 
6.22451 

91 
92 

8.45418 
8.54709 

68 
69 

6.31741 
6.41031 

93 
94 

8.63999 
8.73289 

70 

6.50322 

95 

8.82580 

?i 
72 

6  59612 
6.68902 

96 
97 

8.91870 
9.01160 

73 

74 

6.78193 
6.87483 

98 
99 

9-10450 
9.19741 

75 

6.96773 

100 

9-29031 

68 


THE    METRIC    SYSTEM. 


SQUARE  METERS  TO  SQUARE  YARDS. 


Square 
Meters. 

Square  Yards. 

Square 
Meters. 

Square  Yards. 

I 
2 

I  .  1960 
2.3920 

26 
27 

3I-0957 
32.2917 

3 

4 

3.5880 
4.7840 

28 
29 

33-4877 
34.6837 

5 

5-9799 

30 

35.8797 

6 
7 

7-1759 
8.3719 

31 
32 

37-0757 
38.2716 

8 
9 

9-5679 
10.7639 

33 
34 

39.4676 
40.6636 

10 

11.9599 

35 

41.8596 

ii 

12 

13-1559 
I4-35I9 

36 

37 

43.0556 
44.2516 

13 

14 

15-5479 
16.7438 

38 
39 

45.4476 
46.6436 

15 

17.9398 

40 

47.8396 

16 
17 

I9-I358 
20.3318 

4i 
42 

49-0355 
50.2315 

18 
19 

21.5278 
22.7238 

43 
44 

5L4275 
52.6235 

20 

23.9198 

45 

53.8195 

21 
22 

25-1158 
26.3118 

46 

47 

55-0155 
56.2115 

23 

24 

27.5077 
28.7037 

48 
49 

57.4075 
58.6035 

25 

29.8997 

50 

59-7994 

SQUARE    MEASURE. 


69 


SQUARE  METERS  TO  SQUARE  YARDS. 


Square 
Meters. 

Square  Yards. 

Square 
Meters. 

Square  Yards. 

51 
52 

60.9954 
62.1914 

76 

77 

90.8952 
92.0912 

53 
54 

63.3874 
64.5834 

78 
79 

93.2871 
94.4831 

55 

65.7794 

80 

95.6791 

56 
57 

66.9754 
68.1714 

81 
82 

96.8751 
98.0711 

58 
59 

69.3674 
70.5634 

83 
84 

99.2671 
100.4631 

60 

71.7593 

85 

IOI.659I 

61 
62 

72.9553 
74.1513 

86 
87 

102.8551 
104.0510 

63 
64 

75-3473 
76.5433 

88 
89 

105.2470 
106.4430 

65 

77-7393 

90 

107.6390 

66 
67 

78.9353 
80.1313 

91 
92 

108.8350 
IIO.O3IO 

68 
69 

81.3273 
82.5232 

93 
94 

IIJ.2270 
112.4230 

70 

83.7192 

95 

113.6190 

7i 

72 

84.9152 
86.1112 

96 
97 

114.8149 
II6.0I09 

73 

74 

87-3072 
88.5032 

98 
99 

117.2069 
118.4029 

75 

89.6992 

100 

119.5989 

THE    METRIC    SYSTEM. 


SQUARE  YARDS  TO  SQUARE  METERS. 


Square 
Yards. 

Square  Meters. 

Square 
Yards. 

Square  Meters. 

I 
2 

0.8361 
1.6723 

26 
27 

21-7393 

22.5755 

3 

4 

2.5084 
3-3445 

28 
29 

23.4116 

24.2477 

5 

4.1806 

30 

25.0838 

6 

7 

5.0168 

5-8529 

31 
32 

25.9200 
26.7561 

8 
9 

6.6890 
7-5252 

33 

34 

27.5922 

28.4284 

10 

8.3613 

35 

29-2645 

ii 

12 

9.1974 
10.0335 

36 

37 

30.1006 
30.9367 

13 

14 

10.8697 
11.7058    i 

38 
39 

31.7729 
32  .  6090 

15 

12.5419 

40 

33-4451 

16 

13.3780 

14.2142 

41 
42 

34.2813 
35-H74 

18 
19 

15-0503 
15.8864 

43 
44 

35-9535 
36.7896 

20 

16.7226 

45 

37.6258 

21 
22 

17-5587 
18.3948 

46 

47 

38.4619 
39-2980 

23 

24 

19.2309 
20.0671 

48 
49 

40.1341 
40.9703 

25 

20.9032 

50 

41  .  8064 

SQUARE    MEASURE. 


SQUARE  YARDS  TO  SQUARE  METERS. 


Square 
Yards. 

Square  Meters. 

Square 
Yards. 

Square  Meters. 

51 
52 

42.6425 
43-4787 

76 

77 

63.5457 
64.3819 

53 
54 

44.3148 
45-I509 

78 
79 

65.2180 
66.0541 

55 

45.9870 

80 

66  .  8902 

56 
57 

46.8232 
47-6593 

8l 

82 

67.7264 
68.5625 

58 
59 

48.4954 
49-33I6 

83 
84 

69.3986 
70.2348 

60 

50.1677 

85 

71.0709 

61 
62 

51.0038 
51.8399 

86 
87 

71.9070 
72.7431 

63 
64 

52.6761 
53-5122 

88 
89 

73-5793 
74-4I54 

65 

54.3483 

90 

75-25I5 

66 
67 

55-I845 
56.0206 

9i 
92 

76.0877 
.      76.9238 

68 
69 

56.8567 
57.6928 

93 
94 

77-7599 
78.5960 

70 

58.5290 

95 

79.4322 

7i 
72 

59.3651 
60.2012 

96 
97 

80.2683 
81.1044 

73 
74 

61.0374 
61.8735 

98 
99 

81.9406 
82.7767 

75 

62  .  7096 

100 

83.6128 

THE    METRIC    SYSTEM. 


SQUARE  KILOMETERS  TO  SQUARE  MILES. 


Square 
Kilometers. 

Square  Miles. 

Square 
Kilometers. 

Square  Miles. 

I 
2 

0.3861 
0./722 

26 
27 

10.0386 
10.4247 

3 

4 

I.I5.83 
1-5444    . 

28 
29 

lO.SlOg 
11.1970 

5 

1.9305 

30 

H.583I 

6 

7 

2.3166 
2.7027 

3i 
32 

11.9692 
12.3553 

8 
9 

3.0888 
3-4749 

33 
34 

12.7414 
I3-I275 

10 

ii 

12 

3.8610 

4.2471 
4-6332 

35 
36 
37 

13-5136 

13.8997 

14.2858 

13 

14 

5-0193 
5-4054 

38 
39 

14.6719 

15.0580 

15 

5.7915 

40 

15.4441 

16 
i? 

6.1776 
6.5637 

4i 
42 

15.8302 
16.2163 

18 
19 

6.9498 
7.3359 

43 
44 

16  .  6024 
16.9885 

20 

7.7220 

45 

17.3746 

21 
22 

8.1081 
8.4942 

46 
47 

17.7607 
18.1468 

23 

24 

8.8803 
9  .  2664 

48 

49 

18.5329 
18.9190 

25 

9-6525 

50 

19.3051 

SQUARE    MEASURE. 


73 


SQUARE  KILOMETERS  TO  SQUARE  MILES. 


Square 
Kilometers. 

Square  Miles. 

Square 
Kilometers. 

Square  Miles. 

51 
52 

19.6912 
20.0773 

76 

77 

29.3437 
29.7298 

53 

54 

20.4634 
20.8495 

78  * 
79 

30.H59 
30.5020 

55 

21.2356 

80 

30.8881 

56 

57 

21.6217 
22.0078 

81 
82 

31.2742 
31.6603 

58 
59 

22.3939 
.     22.7800 

83 
84 

32.0464 
32.4326 

60 

23.  1661 

85 

32.8187 

61 
62 

23.5522 
23-9383 

86 
87 

33  •  2048 
33.5909 

$3 
64 

24.3244 
24.7105 

88 
89 

33-9770 
34-363I 

65 

25.0966 

90 

34.7492 

66 

67 

25.4827 
25.8688 

9i 
92 

35.1353 
35.5214 

68 
69 

26.2549 
26.6410 

93 
94 

35.9075 
36.2936 

70 

27.0271 

95 

36.6797 

7i 
72 

27.4132 
27.7993 

96 

97 

37-0658 
37.4519 

73 
74 

28.1854 

28.5715 

98 
99 

37.8380 
38.2241 

75 

28.9576 

100 

38.6102 

74 


THE    METRIC    SYSTEM. 


SQUARE  MILES  TO  SQUARE  KILOMETERS. 


Square 
Miles. 

Square 
Kilometers. 

Square 
Miles. 

Square 
Kilometers. 

I 
2 

2.590 
5.180 

26 
27 

67.340 
69.930 

3 

4 

'   7-770 
10.360 

28 
29 

72.520 
75.110 

5 

I2.Q50 

30 

77.700 

6 

7 

15.540 
18.130 

31 
32 

80.290 

82.880 

8 
9 

2O.72O 
23.310 

33 
34 

85.470 
88.060 

10 

25.900 

35 

90.650 

n 

12 

28.490 
31.080 

36 
37 

93.240 
95-830 

13 

14 

33-670 
36.260 

38 
39 

98.420 
IOI.OIO 

15 

38.850 

40 

103  .  600 

16 
17 

41.440 
44.030 

4i 
42 

106.190 
108.780 

18 
19 

46.620 
49.2IO 

43 
44 

111.370 
113.960 

20 

51.800 

45 

116.550 

21 
22 

54-390 
56.980 

46 
47 

119.139 

121.729 

23 

24 

59-570 

62  .  160 

48 
49 

124.319 

126.909 

25 

64.750 

50 

129.499 

SQUARE    MEASURE. 


75 


SQUARE  MILES  TO  SQUARE  KILOMETERS. 


Square 
Miles. 

Square 
Kilometers. 

Square 
Miles. 

Square 
Kilometers. 

51 
52 

132.089 
134.679 

76 

77 

196-839 
199.429 

53 

54 

137.269 
139.859 

78 
79 

202.019 
204.609 

55 

142.449 

80 

207.199 

56 

57 

I45-039 
147.629 

81 
82 

209.789 
212.379 

58 
59 

150.219 

152.809 

83 
84 

214.969 
217-559 

60 

155-399 

85 

22O.  149 

61 
62 

157.989 
160.579 

86 
87 

222.739 
225.329 

63 
64 

163.169 
165.759 

88 
89 

227   919 

230.509 

65 

168.349 

90 

233.099 

66 
67 

170.939 
I73-529 

91 
92 

235.689 
238.279 

68 
69 

176.119 

178.709 

93 

94 

240.869 
243-459 

.     7<> 

181.299 

95 

246  .  049 

7i 
72 

183.889 
186.479 

96 
97 

248.639 
251.229 

73 

74 

189.069 
191.659 

98 
99 

253.819 
256.409 

75 

194.249 

100 

258.999 

76 


THE    METRIC    SYSTEM. 


HECTARES  TO  ACRES. 


Hectares. 

Acres. 

Hectares, 

Acres. 

I 
2 

2.471 
4.942 

26 
27 

64.247 
66.718 

3 

4 

7-4I3 
9.884 

28 
29 

69.189 
71.661 

5 

12-355 

30 

74.132 

6 

7 

14.826 
17.297 

31 
32 

76.603 
79-074 

8 
9 

19.768 
22.239 

33 

34 

81-545 
84.016 

10 

24.711 

35 

86.487 

ii 

12 

27.182 
29-653 

36 

37 

88.958 
91.429 

13 

14 

32.124 
34-595 

38 
39 

93.900 
96.371 

15 

37.066 

40 

98.842 

16 
17 

39-537 
42.008 

4i 
42 

101/313 
103.784 

18 
19 

44.479 
46.950 

43 
44 

106.255 
108.726 

20 

49.421 

45 

III.I97 

21 
22 

51-892 
54.363 

46 
47 

113.668 
116.139 

23 

24 

56.834 
59-305 

48 
49 

Il8.6lO 
121.082 

25 

61.776 

50 

123-553 

LAND    MEASURE. 


77 


HECTARES  TO  ACRES. 


Hectares. 

Acres. 

Hectares. 

Acres. 

51 
52 

I26.O24 
128.495 

76 

77 

187.800 
190.271 

53 
54 

130.966 
133-437 

78 
79 

192.742 
195.213 

55 

135.908 

80 

197.684 

56 
57 

138.379 
140.850 

81 
82 

200.155 
202  .  626 

58 
59 

143.321 
145.792 

83 
84 

205.097 
207.568 

60 

148.263 

85 

210.039 

61 
62 

150.734 
I53-205 

86 
87 

212.510 
214.982 

63 
64 

155.676 
158.147 

88 
89 

217-453 
219.924 

65 

160.618 

90 

222.395 

66 
67 

163.089 
165.560 

9i 
92 

224.866 
227.337 

68 
69 

168.032 
170.503 

93 

94 

229.808 
232.279 

70 

172.974 

95 

234.750 

71 
72 

175.445 
177.916 

96 

97 

237.221 
239.692 

73 
74 

180.387 
182.858 

98 
99 

242.163 
244.634 

75 

185.329 

IOO 

247.105 

THE    METRIC    SYSTEM. 


ACRES  TO  HECTARES. 


Acres. 

Hectares. 

Acres. 

Hectares. 

I 
2 

0.4047 
O.«094 

26 
27 

10.5218 
10.9265 

3 

4 

I.2I4I 

1.6187 

28 
29 

11-3312 
H-7359 

5 

2.0234 

30 

12.1406 

6 

7 

2.4281 

2.8328 

31 
32 

12-5453 
12.9499 

8 
9 

3-2375 
3.6422 

33 
34 

13.3546 
13.7593 

10 

4.0469 

35 

14.1640 

ii 

12 

4.4515 
4.8562 

36 

37 

14-5687 
14-9734 

13 

14 

5  .  2609 
5-6656 

38 
39 

15-3781 
15.7827 

15 

6.0703 

40 

16.1874 

16 
17 

6.4750 
6.8797 

4i 
42 

16.5921 
16.9968 

18 
19 

7.2843 
7.6890 

43 
44 

17.4015 
17.8062 

20 

8.0937 

45 

18.2109 

21 
22 

8.4984 
8.9031 

46 
47 

18.6155 
19.0202 

23 

24 

9.3078 
9-7125 

48             19-4249 
49              19.8296 

25 

10.1171 

50              20.2343 

LAND    MEASURE. 


79 


ACRES  TO  HECTARES. 


Acres. 

Hectares. 

Acres. 

Hectares. 

51 
52 

20.6390 
21.0437 

76 

77 

30.7561 
31    1608 

53 
54 

21.4483 
21.8530 

78 
79 

3L5655 
3L9702 

55 

22.2577 

80 

32.3749 

56 

57 

22.6624 
23.0671 

81 
82 

32.7795 
33.1842 

58 
59 

23.4718 
23.8765 

83 
84 

33.5889 
33-9936 

60 

24.2811 

85 

34.3983 

61 
62 

24.6858 
25.0905 

86 
87 

34.8030 
35-2077 

63 
64 

25.4952 
25  .  8999 

88 
89 

35.6124 
36.0170 

65 

26  .  3046 

90 

36.4217 

66 
67 

26.7093 
27.1139 

91 
92 

36.8264 
37.23H 

68 
69 

27.5186 
27.9233 

93 
94 

37.6358 
38.0405 

70 

28.3280 

95 

38.4452 

7i 
72 

28.7327 
29-I374 

96 
97 

38.8498 
39-2545 

73 

74 

29.5421 
29.9467 

98 
99 

39.6592 
40.0639 

75 

30.3514 

100 

40.4686 

8o 


THE    METRIC    SYSTEM. 


CUBIC  CENTIMETERS  TO  CUBIC  INCHES. 


Cubic 
Centimeters. 

Cubic  Inches. 

Cubic 
Centimeters. 

Cubic  Inches. 

Z 
2 

O.o6lO2 
0.12205 

26 

27 

1.58662 
1.64764 

3 

4 

0.18307 

o  .  24409 

28 
29 

I  .  70866 
1.76969 

5 

0.30512 

30 

1.83071 

6 

7 

0.36614 
0.42717 

31 
32 

1.89173 
1.95276 

8 
9 

0.48819 
0.54921 

33 
34 

2.01378 
2.07480 

10 

0.61024 

35 

2.13583 

ii 

12 

0.67126 
0.73228 

36 

37 

2.19685 

2.25788 

13 

M 

0.79331 
0.85433 

38 
39 

2.31890 
2.37992 

i5 

0.91535 

40 

2.44095 

16 
17 

0.97638 
1.03740 

4i 
42 

2.50197 
2.56299 

18 
19 

1.09843 
I-I5945 

43 
44 

2.624O2 
2.68504 

20 

I.22O47 

45 

2  .  74606 

21 
22 

I.28I50 
1.34252 

46 

47 

2  .  80709 

2.86811 

23 

24 

1.40354 
1.46457 

48 
49 

2.92914 

2.99016 

25 

1.52559 

50 

3.05118 

CUBIC    MEASURE. 


8 1 


CUBIC  CENTIMETERS  TO  CUBIC  INCHES. 


Cubic 
Centimeters. 

Cubic  Inches. 

Cubic 
Centimeters. 

Cubic  Inches. 

SI 
52 

3.II22I 
3.17323 

76 

77 

4.63780 
4.69882 

53 
54 

3-23425 
3-29528 

78 
79 

4.75985 
4.82087 

55 

3-35630 

80 

4.88189 

56 

57 

3.41732 
3-47835 

81 
82 

4.94292 
5-00394 

58 
59 

3-53937 
3  .  60040 

83 
84 

5.06496 
5-12599 

60 

3.66142 

85 

5.18701 

61 
62 

3-72244 

3.78347 

86 
87 

5.24803 
5.30906 

63 
64 

3-84449 
3-9055i 

88 
89 

5.37008 
5-43IH 

65 

3-96654 

90 

5.49213 

66 
67 

4-02756 
4-08859 

9i 
92 

5.55315 
5.61418 

68 
69 

4.14961 
4.21063 

93 
94 

5.67520 

5  •  73622 

70 

4.27166 

95 

5-79725 

7i 
72 

4.33268 
4-39370 

96 
97 

5.85827 
5.91930 

73 

74 

4-45473 

4-5I575 

98 
99 

5.98032 
6.04134 

75 

4.57677 

100 

6.10237 

82 


THE    METRIC    SYSTEM. 


CUBIC  INCHES  TO  CUBIC  CENTIMETERS. 


Cubic 
Inches. 

Cubic 
Centimeters. 

Cubic 
Inches. 

Cubic 
Centimeters. 

I 

2 

16.387 
32.774 

26 
27 

426.064 
442.451 

3 

4 

49.161 
65-548 

28 
29 

458.838 
475  225 

5 

81.935 

30 

491.612 

6 

7 

98.322 
II4.7IO 

31 
32 

508.000 

524-387 

8 
9 

131.097 
147.484 

33 
34 

540.774 
557.i6i 

10 

163.871 

35 

573.548 

ii 

12 

180.258 
196.645 

36 
37 

589.935 
606.322 

13 

14 

213.032 
229.419 

38 
39 

622  .  709 
639-096 

IS 

245.806 

40 

655.483 

16 
17 

262.193 

278.580 

4i 
42 

671.870 
688.257 

18 
19 

294.967 
3H.355 

43 

44 

704.645 
721.032 

20 

327.742 

45 

737.419 

21 
22 

344.129 
360.516 

46 

47 

753.806 
770.193 

23 

24 

376.903 
393.290 

48 
49 

786.580 
802.967 

25 

409.677 

50 

819.354 

CUBIC    MEASURE. 


CUBIC  INCHES  TO  CUBIC  CENTIMETERS. 


Cubic 
Inches. 

Cubic 
Centimeters. 

Cubic 
Inches. 

Cubic 
Centimeters. 

SI 
52 

835.741 
852.128 

76 
77 

1245.418 
1261.805 

S3 

54 

868.515 
884.902 

78 
79 

1278.192 
1294.580 

55 

901  .  290 

80 

1310.967 

56 
57 

917.677 
934.064 

81 
82 

1327.354 
1343.741 

58 
59 

950.451 
966.838 

83 

84 

1360.128 

1376.  5J5 

60 

983.225 

85 

1392.902 

61 
62 

999.612 
1015.999 

86 
87 

1409.289 
1425.676 

63 

64 

1032.386 
1048.773 

88 
89 

1442.063 
1458.450 

65 

1065  .  160 

90 

1474.837 

66 
67   . 

1081.547 
1097.935 

9i 
92 

1491.225 
1507.612 

68 
69 

1114.322 
1130.709 

93 
94 

1523.999 
1540.386 

70 

1147.096 

95 

1556.773 

71 
72 

1163.483 
1179.870 

96 
97 

I573.i6o 

I589-547 

73 

74 

1196.257 
1212.644 

98 
99 

1605.934 
1622.321 

75 

1229.031 

100 

1638.708 

84 


THE   METRIC    SYSTEM. 


CUBIC  METERS  TO  CUBIC  FEET. 


Cubic 
Meters. 

Cubic  Feet. 

Cubic 
Meters. 

Cubic  Feet. 

I 

2 

35-31 
70.63 

26 
27 

918.18 
953-50 

3 

4 

105.94 
141.26 

28 
29 

988.81 
1024.12 

5 

176.57 

30 

1059.44 

6 

7 

211.89 
247  .  20 

31 
32 

1094.75 
1130.07 

8 
9 

282.52 
317.83 

33 
34 

1165.38 
1200.70 

10 

353-15 

35 

1236.01 

ii 

12 

388.46 
423.78 

36 
37 

1271.33 
1306.64 

13 
M 

459.09 
494.40 

38 
39 

1341.96 
I377.27 

15 

529.72 

40 

1412.59 

16 

17 

565.03 
600.35 

4i 
42 

1447.90 
1483.21 

18 
19 

635.66 
670.98 

43 
44 

1518  53 
1553.84 

20 

706.29 

45 

1589.16 

21 
22 

74I.6I 
776.92 

46 

47 

1624.47 
1659.79 

23 

24 

812.24 

847.55 

48 

49 

1695.10 
1730.42 

25 

882.87 

50 

1765.73 

CUBIC    MEASURE. 


CUBIC  METERS  TO  CUBIC  FEET. 


Cubic 
Meters. 

Cubic  Feet. 

Cubic 
Meters. 

Cubic  Feet. 

51 
52 

1801.05 
1836.36 

76 

77 

2683.91 
2719.23 

53 

54 

1871.68 
1906.99 

78 
79 

2754-54 
2789.86 

55 

1942.30 

80 

2825.17 

56 

57 

1977.62 
20I2.Q3 

81 
82 

2860.49 
2895.80 

58 
59 

2048.25 
2083.56 

83 
84 

2931.11 
2966.43 

60 

2118.88 

85 

3001.74 

61 
62 

2I54-IQ 
2189.51 

86 
87 

3037.06 
3072.37 

63 

64 

2224.82 
2260.14 

88 
89 

3107.69 
3143.00 

65 

2295.45 

90 

3178.32 

66 

67 

2330.77 
2366.08 

9i 
92 

3213.63 
3248.95 

68 
69 

2401.39 
2436.71 

93 
94 

3284.26 
3319.58 

70 

2472.02 

95 

3354.89 

?i 
72 

2507-34 
2542.65 

96 
97 

3390.20 
3425.52 

73 
74 

2577-97 
2613.28 

98 
99 

3460.83 
3496.15 

75 

2648.60 

100 

353L46 

86 


THE    METRIC    SYSTEM. 


CUBIC  FEET  TO  CUBIC  METERS. 


Cubic  Feet. 

Cubic  Meters. 

Cubic  Feet. 

Cubic  Meters. 

I 
2 

0.02832 
0.05663 

26 
27 

0.73624 
0.76456 

3 

4 

0.08495 
O.II327 

28 
29 

0.79287 
0.82II9 

5 

0.14158 

30 

0.84951 

6 

7 

0.16990 
0.19822 

31 
32 

0.87782 
0.90614 

8 
9 

0.22654 
0.25485 

33 
34 

0.93446 
0.96277 

10 

0.28317 

35 

0.99109 

ii 

12 

0.31149 

0.33980 

36 

37 

I.OI94I 
1.04772 

13 
14 

0.36812 
0.39644 

38 
39 

1.07604 
1.10436 

15 

0.42475 

40 

I.I3268 

16 
17 

0.45307 
0.48139 

4i 
42 

I.I6099 
1.18931 

18 
19 

0.50970 
0.53802 

43 
44 

1.21763 
1.24594 

20 

0.56634 

45 

I  .  27426 

21 
22 

0.59465 
0.62297 

46 

47 

1.30258 
1.33089 

23 

24 

0.65129 
0.67961 

48 
49 

I-3592I 
1.38753 

25 

0.70792 

So 

I.4I584 

CUBIC    MEASURE. 


CUBIC  FEET  TO  CUBIC  METERS. 


Cubic  Feet. 

Cubic  Meters. 

Cubic  Feet. 

Cubic  Meters. 

51 
52 

1.44416 
1.47248 

76 

77 

2.15208 
2.18040 

53 
54 

I  .  50079 
I.529H 

78 
79 

2.20872 
2.23703 

55 

1-55743 

80 

2.26535 

56 
57 

I-58575 
1.61406 

81 
82 

2.29367 
2.32198 

58 
59 

1.64238 
1.67070 

83 
84 

2.35030 
2.37862 

60 

1.69901 

85 

2.40693 

61 
62 

1.72733 
L75565 

86 
87 

2.43525 
2.46357 

63 

64 

1.78396 
I.8I228 

88 
89 

2.49189 
2.52020 

65 

I  .  84060 

90 

2.54852 

66 
67 

1.86891 
1.89723 

9i 
92 

2.57684 
2.60515 

68 
69 

I.92555 
I    95386 

93 
94 

2.63347 
2.66179 

70 

1.98218 

95 

2.69010 

7i 

72 

2.01050 
,2.03882 

96 

97 

2.71842 
2.74674 

73 

74 

2.06713 
2.09545 

98 
99 

2.77505 
2.80337 

75 

2.12377 

100 

2.83169 

88 


THE    METRIC    SYSTEM. 


CUBIC   METERS   TO   CUBIC   YARDS. 


Cubic 
Meters. 

Cubic  Yards. 

Cubic 
Meters. 

Cubic  Yards. 

I 

1.308 

26 

34.007 

2 

2.616 

27 

35.315 

3 

3-924 

28 

36.623 

4 

5.232 

29 

37-931 

5 

6.540 

30 

39.238 

6               7.848 

31 

40.546 

7              9-156 

32 

41.854 

8              10.464 

33 

43.162 

9 

11.772 

34 

44.470 

10 

13.079 

35 

45.778 

ii 

14.387 

36 

47.086 

12 

15.695 

37 

48.394 

13 

17.003 

38 

49.702 

14 

18.311 

39 

5I.OIO 

15 

19.616 

40 

52.318 

16 

20.927 

4i 

53.626 

17 

22.235 

42 

54-934 

18 

23.543 

43 

56.242 

19 

24.851 

44 

57-550 

20 

26.159 

45 

58.858 

21 

27.467 

46 

60.166 

22 

28.775 

47 

61.474 

23                   30-083 

48 

62.782 

24 

31.391 

49 

64.090 

25 

32.699 

50 

65-397 

CUBIC    MEASURE. 


89 


CUBIC  METERS  TO  CUBIC  YARDS. 


Cubic 
Meters. 

Cubic  Yards. 

Cubic 
Meters. 

Cubic  Yards. 

51 
52 

66.705 
68.013 

76 

77 

99.404 
100.712 

53 

54 

69.321 
70.629 

78 
79 

IO2.O2O 
103.328 

55             71.937  . 

80 

104.636 

56             73-245 
57             74.553 

81 
82 

105.944 
107.252 

58 
59 

75-861 
77.169 

83 
84 

108.560 
109.868 

60 

78.477 

85 

III.I76 

61 
62 

79.785 
81.093 

86 
87 

112.484 
H3.792 

63 

64 

82.401 
83.709 

88 
89 

II5.IOO 
116.407 

65 

85-017 

90 

II7.7I5 

66 

67 

86.325 
87.633 

9i 
92 

119.023 
120.331 

68 
69 

88.941 
90.248 

93 
94 

121.639 
122.947 

70 

91*556 

95 

124.255 

71 
72 

92.864 
94.172 

96 

97 

125.563 
126.871 

73 

74 

95.480 
96.788 

98 
99 

128.179 

129.487 

75 

98.096 

100 

130.795 

9o 


THE   METRIC    SYSTEM. 


CUBIC  YARDS  TO  CUBIC  METERS. 


Cubic 
Yards. 

Cubic  Meters. 

Cubic 
Yards. 

Cubic  Meters. 

I 

0.765 

26 

19.879 

2 

1.529 

27 

20.643 

3 

2.2Q4 

28 

21.408 

4 

3.058 

29 

22.172 

5 

3.823 

30 

22.937 

6 

4.587 

31 

23.701 

7 

5.352 

32 

24.466 

8 

6.II6 

33               25.230 

9 

6.881 

34               25.995 

10 

7.646 

35               26.760 

IZ 

8.410 

36               27.524 

12 

9.175 

37 

28.289 

13 

9-939 

38 

29.053 

14 

10.704 

39 

29.818 

15 

11.468 

40 

30.582 

16 

12.233 

4i 

3L347 

17 

12.998 

42 

32.112 

18 

13.762 

43 

32.876 

19 

14.527 

44 

33.641 

20 

15.291 

45 

34.405 

21 

16.056 

46 

35.I70 

22 

16.820 

47 

35.934 

23 

17.585 

48 

36.699 

24 

18.349 

49 

37.463 

25 

19.114 

50 

38.228 

CUBIC    MEASURE. 


CUBIC  YARDS  TO  CUBIC  METERS. 


Cubic 
Yards. 

Cubic  Meters. 

Cubic 
Yards. 

Cubic  Meters. 

51 
.        52 

38.993 

39-757 

76 

77 

58.107 
58.871 

53 

54 

40.522 
41.286 

78 
79 

59.636 
60.400 

55 

42.051 

80 

61.165 

56 
57 

42.815 
43-58o 

81 
82 

61.929 
62  .  694 

58 
59 

44-344 
45.109 

83 

84 

63.458 
64.223 

60 

45.874 

85 

64.988 

61 
62 

46.638 
47-403 

86 
87 

65.752 
66.517 

63 
64 

48.167 
48.932 

88 
89 

67.281 
68.046 

65 

49.696 

90 

68.810 

66 
67 

50.461 
51.226 

9i 
92 

69.575 
70.340 

68 
69 

51.990 

52.755 

93 
94 

71.104 
71.869 

70 

53.519 

95 

72.633 

7i 
72 

54-284 
55-048 

96 
97 

73-398 
74.162 

73 
74 

55.813 
56.577 

98 
99 

74.927 
75-69I 

75 

57.342 

100 

76.456 

92 


THE  METRIC  SYSTEM. 


CUBIC  KILOMETERS  TO  CUBIC  MILES. 


Cubic 
Kilometers. 

Cubic  Miles,     i 

Cubic 
Kilometers. 

Cubic  Miles. 

I 
2 

0.2399 
0.4798 

26 
27 

6.2377 
6.4776    . 

3 

4 

0.7197 
0.9596 

28 
29 

6.7175 
6-9575 

5 

I  .  1996 

30 

7.1974 

6 

7 

1-4395 
1.6794 

31 
32 

7-4373 
7.6772 

8 
9 

I.QIQ3 
2.1592 

33 
34 

7.9171 
8.1570 

10 

2.3991 

35 

8.3969 

ii 

12 

2.6390 
2.8789 

36 

37 

8.6368 
8.8768 

13 
14 

3.1189 

3.3588 

38 
39 

9.1167 
9-3566 

15 

3.5987 

40 

9-5965 

16 
i? 

3-8386 
4.0785 

4i 

42 

9-8364 
10.0763 

18 
19 

4.3184 

4-5583 

43 
44 

10.3162 
10.5561 

20 

4.7982 

45 

10.7961 

21 
22 

5.0382 
5.2781 

46 

47 

11.0360 
11.2759 

23 

24 

5-5180 
5-7579 

48 
49 

11.5158 
H.7557 

25 

5  9978 

50 

n.9956 

CUBIC    MEASURE. 


93 


CUBIC  KILOMETERS  TO  CUBIC  MILES. 


Cubic 

Kilometers. 

Cubic  Miles. 

Cubic 
Kilometers. 

Cubic  Miles.. 

SI 
52 

12.2355 
12.4754 

76 

77 

18.2333 
18.4733 

S3 
54 

12.7154 
12.9553 

78 

79 

18.7132 
18.9531 

55 

13.1952 

80 

I9.I930 

56 
57 

13.4351 
13-6750 

81 
82 

19.4329 
19.6728 

58 
59 

13.9149 
14.1548 

83 
84 

19.9127 
20.1526 

60 

14-3947 

85 

20.3926 

61 
62 

14.6347 
14.8746 

86 
87 

20.6325 
20.8724 

63 
64 

I5.H45 

1  5-  -3544 

88 
89 

21.1123 
21.3522 

65 

15*5943 

90 

21.5921 

66 
67 

15.8342 
16.0741 

91 
92 

21.8320 
22.0719 

68 
69 

16.3140 
16.5540 

93 

94 

22.3119 

22.5518 

70 

16.7939 

95 

22.7917 

7i 
72 

17.0338 
17.2737 

96 
97 

23.0316 
23.2715 

73 
74 

17-5136 
17-7535 

98 
99 

23.5II4 
23.7513 

75 

17-9934 

IOO 

23.9912 

94 


THE   METRIC    SYSTEM. 


CUBIC  MILES  TO  CUBIC  KILOMETERS. 


Cubic  Miles. 

Cubic 
Kilometers. 

Cubic  Miles. 

Cubic 
Kilometers. 

Z 

4.168 

26 

108.373 

2 

8.336 

27 

II2.54I 

3 

12.505 

28 

116.709 

4 

16.673 

29 

120.877 

5 

•20.841 

30 

125.046 

6 

25.009 

31 

129.214 

7 

29.177 

32 

133.382 

8 

33-345 

33 

137.550 

9 

37.5H 

34 

141.718 

10 

41.682 

35 

'     145.886 

zi 

45.850 

36 

150.055 

12 

50.018 

37 

154.223 

13 

54-186 

38 

158.391 

14 

58.355 

39 

162.559 

15 

62.523 

40 

166.727 

16 

66.691 

4i 

170.896 

i? 

70.859 

42 

175.064 

18 

75-027 

43 

I79.232 

19 

79.196 

44 

183.400 

20 

83.364 

45 

187.568 

21 

87.532 

46 

191.737 

22 

91.700 

47 

195.905 

23 

95-868 

48 

200.073 

24 

100.036 

49 

204.241 

25 

104.205 

50 

208  .  409 

CUBIC    MEASURE. 


95 


CUBIC  MILES  TO  CUBIC  KILOMETERS. 


Cubic  Miles. 

Cubic 
Kilometers. 

Cubic  Miles. 

Cubic 
Kilometers. 

51 
52 

212.577 
216.746 

76 

•      77 

316.782 
320.950 

53 
54 

220.914 
225.082 

78 
79 

325.118 
329-287 

55 

229.250 

80 

333-455 

56 
57 

233.418 
237.587 

81 
82 

337.623 
34L79I 

58 
59 

24L755 
245.923 

83 
84 

345-959 
350.128 

60 

250.091 

85 

354.296 

61 
62 

254.259 
258.428 

86 
87 

358.464 
362.632 

63 
64 

262  .  596 
266.764 

88 
89 

366.800 
370.969 

65 

270.932 

90 

375-137 

66 
67 

275.100 
279.268 

9i 
92 

379.305 
383.473 

68 
69 

283.437 
287.605 

93 

94 

387-641 
391.809 

70 

291.773 

95 

395.978 

7i 

72 

295.941 
300.109 

96 

97 

400.146 
404.314 

73 

74 

304.278 
308.446 

98 
99 

408.482 
412.650 

75 

312.614 

100 

416.819 

96 


THE    METRIC    SYSTEM. 


CUBIC  CENTIMETERS  TO  U.  S.  FLUID  OUNCES. 


Cubic 
Centimeters. 

Fluid  Ounces. 

Cubic 
Centimeters. 

Fluid  Ounces. 

I 

0.0338 

26 

0.8789 

2 

0.0676    . 

27 

0.9127 

3 

o.  1014 

28 

0.9465 

4 

0.1352 

29 

0.9803 

5 

0.1690 

30 

I.OI4I 

6 

0.2028 

31 

1.0479 

7 

0.2366 

32 

1.0817 

8 

0.2704 

33 

I.  U55 

9 

0.3042 

34 

I  •  1493 

10 

0.3380 

35 

I.I83I 

ii 

0.3718 

36 

1.2169 

12 

0.4056 

37 

1.2507 

13 

0.4394 

38 

1.2845 

14 

0.4732 

39 

I.3I83 

15 

0.5070 

40 

I.352I 

16 

0.5408 

41 

1.3859 

J7 

0.5746 

42 

I.4I97 

18 

0.6084 

43 

1-4535 

19 

0.6422 

44 

1.4873 

20 

0.6760 

45 

I.52II 

21 

0.7098 

46 

1-5549 

22 

0.7436 

47 

1.5887 

23 

0.7775 

48 

1.6225 

24 

O.8II3 

49 

1.6563 

25 

0.8451 

50 

1.6901 

LIQUID    MEASURE. 


97 


CUBIC  CENTIMETERS  TO  U.  S.  FLUID  OUNCES. 


Cubic 
Centimeters. 

Fluid  Ounces. 

Cubic 
Centimeters. 

Fluid  Ounces. 

51 

52 

1.7239 

1-7577 

76 

77 

2.5690 
2.6028 

53 
54 

i.7915 

1.8253 

78 
79 

2.6366 
2.6704 

55 

1.8591 

80 

2  .  7O42 

56 

57 

1.8929 
1.9267 

81 
82 

2.7380 
2.7718 

58 
•   59 

1.9605 
1-9943 

83 
84 

2.8056 
2.8394 

60 

2.0281 

85 

2.8732 

61 
62 

2.0619 
2.0957 

86 
87 

2  .  9070 
2  .  9408 

63 
64 

2.1295 
2.1633 

88 
89 

2.9746 
3.0084 

65 

2.1971 

90 

3.0422 

66 

67 

2  .  2309 
2.2647 

9i 
92 

3.0760 
3.1098 

68 
69 

2.2985 
2.3324 

93 
94 

3.1436 

3.1774 

70 

2.3662 

95 

3-2II2 

7i 

72 

2.4000 
2.4338 

96 

97 

3.2450 
3.2788 

73 

74 

2.4676 
2.5014 

98 
99 

3.3126 
3.3464 

75 

2.5352   - 

100 

3.3802 

THE    METRIC    SYSTEM. 


U.  S.  FLUID  OUNCES  TO  CUBIC  CENTIMETERS. 


Fluid 
Ounces. 

Cubic 
Centimeters. 

Fluid 
Ounces. 

Cubic 
Centimeters. 

I 
2 

29.6 
59-2 

26 

27 

769.2 
798.8 

3 
4 

88.8 
118.3 

28 
29 

828.3 
857.9 

5 

147.9 

30 

887-5 

6 

7 

177-5 
207.1 

31 
32 

9I7.I 
946.7 

8 
9 

236.7 
266.3 

33 
34 

976.3 
1005  ..9 

10 

295.8 

35 

1035.4 

ii 

12 

325.4 
355-0 

36 
37 

1065.0 
1094.6 

13 

14 

384.6 
414.2 

38 
39 

1124.2 
II53-8 

15 

443-8 

40 

1183.4 

16 
17 

473-3 
502.9 

42 

1212.9 
1242.5 

18 
19 

532-5 
562.1 

43 
44 

1272.1 
1301.7 

20 

59L7 

45 

I33L3 

21 
22 

621.3 
650.8 

46 

47 

1360.9 
1390.4 

23 

24 

680.4 
710.0 

48 
49 

1420  .  o 
1449.6 

25 

739  -6 

50 

1479.2 

LIQUID    MEASURE. 


99 


U.  S.  FLUID  OUNCES  TO  CUBIC  CENTIMETERS. 


Fluid 
Ounces. 

Cubic 
Centimeters. 

Fluid 
Ounces. 

Cubic 
Centimeters. 

51 
52 

1508.8 
I538-4 

76 

77 

2248.4 
2278.0 

53 

54 

1567.9 
1597-5 

78 
79 

2307.5 
2337.1 

55 

1627.1 

80 

2366.7 

56 
57 

1656.7 
1686.3 

81 
82 

2396.3 
2425.9 

58 
59 

I7I5.9 

1745-5 

83 
84 

2455-5 
2485.0 

60 

1775.0 

85 

2514  -6 

61 
62 

1804.6 

1834.2 

86 
87 

2544.2 
2573-.  8 

63               1863.8 
64               1893-4 

88 
89 

2603.4 
2633.0 

65 

1923.0 

90 

2662.6 

66 
67 

1952.5 
1982.1 

91 
92 

2692.1 
2721.7 

68 
69 

20II.7 
2041.3 

93 
94 

275L3 
2780.9 

70 

2070.9 

95 

2810.5 

7i 
72 

2IOO.5 
2130.0 

96 
97 

2840.1 
2869.6 

73 
74 

2159-6 
2189.2 

98 
99 

2899.2 
2928.8 

75 

2218.8 

100 

2958.4 

IOO 


THE    METRIC    SYSTEM. 


LITERS  TO  U.  S.  LIQUID  QUARTS. 


Liters. 

Quarts. 

Liters. 

Quarts. 

I 
2 

1.056 
2.II3 

26 

27 

27.464 
28.520 

3 

4 

3.l69 
4-225 

28 
29 

29-577 
30.633 

5 

5.282 

30 

31.689 

6 
7 

6.338 
7-394 

31 
32 

32-745 
33-802 

8 
9 

8.450 
9.507 

33 
34 

34.858 
35.9H 

10 

10.563 

35 

36.971 

ii 

'12 

11.619 
12.676 

36 

37 

38.027 
39-083 

13 

14 

13.732 

14.788 

38 
39 

40.140 
41.196 

15 

15.844 

40 

42.252 

16 

17 

16.901 

17.957 

4i 
42 

43.308 
44065 

18 
19 

19-013 
20.070 

43 
44 

45.421 
46.477 

20 

21.126 

45 

47-534 

21 
22 

22.182 
23.239 

46 

47 

48.590 
49.646 

23 

24 

24.295 
25.351 

48 
49 

50.703 
5L759 

25 

26.408 

50 

52.815 

LIQUID 


1 01 


LITERS  TO  U.  S.  LIQUID  QUARTS. 


Liters. 

Quarts. 

Liters. 

Quarts. 

• 

51 

53.872 

76 

80.279 

52 

54.928 

77 

81.335 

53 

55.984 

78 

S2.392 

54 

57.040 

79 

83.448 

55 

58.097 

80 

84-504 

56 

59-153 

81 

85.561 

57 

60   209 

82 

86.617 

58              61.266 

83 

87.673 

59               62.322 

84 

88.730 

60 

63.378 

85 

89.786 

61 

64^35 

86 

90.842 

62 

65.491 

87 

91.898 

63 

66.547 

88 

92.955 

64                67.603 

89 

94.OII 

65 

68.660 

90 

95.067 

66 

69.716 

91 

96.124 

67 

70.772 

92 

97.180 

68 

71.829 

93 

98.236 

69 

72.885 

94 

99.293 

70 

73-941 

95 

100.349 

7i 

74.998 

96 

101.405 

72 

76.054 

97 

102.461 

73 

77.110 

98 

103.518 

74 

78.166 

99 

104.574 

75 

79.223 

100 

105.630 

THE    ItfETRIC    SYSTEM. 


U.  S.  LIQUID  QUARTS  TO  LITERS. 


Quarts. 

Liters. 

Quarts. 

Liters. 

I 

O.Q47 

26 

24.614 

2, 

1.893 

27 

25.561 

3 

2.840 

28 

26.508 

4 

3.787 

29 

27-454 

5 

4-733 

30 

28.401 

6 

5.680 

31 

29.348 

7 

6.627 

32 

30.294 

8 

7-574 

33 

31.241 

9 

8.520 

34 

32.188 

10 

9.467 

35               33-134 

ii 

10.414 

36               34.081 

12 

11.360 

37               35-028 

13 

12.307 

38               35-975 

14 

13.254 

39               36.921 

15 

14.200 

40 

37.868 

16 

15.147 

4i 

38.815 

17 

16.094 

42 

39.761 

18 

17.041 

43 

40.708 

19 

17.987 

44       |        41-655 

20 

18.934 

45 

42.601 

21 

19.881 

46 

43.548 

22 

20.827 

47 

44-495 

23 

21.774 

48 

45-442 

24 

22.721 

49 

46.388 

25 

23.667 

50 

47-335 

LIQUID    MEASURE. 


103 


U.  S.  LIQUID  QUARTS  TO  LITERS. 


Quarts. 

Liters. 

Quarts. 

Liters. 

SI 
52 

48.282 
49.228 

76 

77 

71.949 
72.896 

53 

54 

50.175 
51.122 

78 
79 

73.842 
74.789 

55 

52.068 

80 

75-736 

56 
57 

53-015 
53  962 

81 
82 

76.683 
77.629 

58 
59 

54-908 

55.855 

83 
84 

78    576 
79-523 

60 

56.802 

85               80.469 

61 
62 

57-749 
58.695 

86                81.416 
87                82.363 

63 
64 

59-642 
60.589 

88 
89 

83.309 
84.256 

65 

61-535 

90                85.203 

66 
67 

62.482 
63.429 

91                86.150 
92                87.096 

68 
69 

64.375 
65.322 

93               88.043 
94               88.990 

70 

66.269 

95               89.936 

7i 
72 

67.216 
68.162 

96               90.883 
97               Qi  .830 

73 

74 

69.109 
70.056 

98               92.776 
99               93-723 

75 

71.002 

100               94.670 

104 


THE    METRIC    SYSTEM. 


LITERS  TO  U.  S.  GALLONS. 


Liters. 

U.  S.  Gallons. 

Liters. 

U.  S.  Gallons. 

I 

0.264 

26 

6.866 

2 

0.528 

27 

7.130 

3 

0.792 

28 

7-394 

4 

1.056 

29 

7658 

5 

1.320 

30 

7.922 

6 

1.584 

31 

8.186 

7 

1.849 

32 

8.451 

8 

2.II3 

33 

8-715 

9 

2-377        ||        34 

8  979 

10 

2.641 

35 

9.243 

ii 

2.905 

36 

9-507 

12 

3.169 

37 

9.771 

*3 

3-433 

38 

10  035 

H 

3-697 

39 

10.299 

15 

3.961 

40 

10,563 

16 

4225 

41 

10,827 

17 

4,489 

42 

11.091 

18 

4-753 

43 

H-355   ' 

19 

5.018 

44 

11.620 

20 

5.282 

45 

11.884 

21 

5.546 

46 

12.148 

22 

5.810 

47 

12.412 

23 

6.074 

48 

12.676 

24 

6.338 

49 

12.940 

25 

6.602 

50 

13.204 

LIQUID    MEASURE. 


LITERS  TO  U.  S.  GALLONS. 


Liters. 

U.  S.  Gallons. 

Liters. 

U.  S.  Gallons. 

SI 

13.468 

76 

2O.O7O 

52 

13.732 

77 

20.334 

53 

13.996 

78 

20.598 

54 

14.260 

79 

20.862 

55 

14.524 

80 

21.126 

56 

14.788 

81 

21.390 

57 

15.053 

82 

21.655 

58 

15.317 

83 

21.919 

59 

15.581 

84 

22.183 

60 

15.845 

85 

22.447 

61 

16.109 

86 

22.711 

62 

16.373 

87 

22.975 

63 

16.637 

88 

23-239 

64 

16.901 

89 

23.503 

65 

17.165 

90 

23.767 

66 

17.429 

91 

24.031 

67 

17.693 

92 

24.295 

68 

17-957 

93 

24-559 

69 

18.222 

94 

24.824 

70 

18.486 

95 

25.088 

7i 

18.750 

96 

25.352 

72 

19.014 

97 

25.616 

73 

19.278 

98 

25.880 

74 

19.542 

99 

26.144 

75 

19.806 

100 

26.408 

io6 


THE   METRIC    SYSTEM. 


U.  S.  GALLONS  TO  LITERS. 


U.S. 

Gallons. 

Liters. 

U.S. 
Gallons. 

Liters. 

I 

2 

3-79 

7-57 

26 

27 

98.46 
102.24 

3 

4 

11.36 
15-15 

28 
29 

106.03 
109.82 

5 

18.93 

30 

113.60 

6 

7 

22.72 
26.51 

31 
32 

117-39 
I2I.I8 

8 
9 

30.29 
34-08 

33 
34 

124.96 

128.75 

10 

37.87 

35 

132.54 

ii 

12 

41.65 

45-44 

36 
37 

13632 
140.11 

13 

14 

49-23 
53-02 

38 
39 

143.90 
147.68 

15 

56.80 

40 

I5L47 

16 
i? 

60.59 
64.38 

4i 
42 

155.26 
I59-05 

18 
19 

68.16 
71-95 

43 
44 

162.83 
166.62 

20 

75.74 

45 

170.41 

21 
22 

79-52 
83-31 

46 

47 

174.19 

177-98 

23 

24 

87.10 
90.88 

48 
49 

181.77 
185.55 

25 

94.67 

50 

189.34 

LIQUID    MEASURE. 


107 


U.  S.  GALLONS  TO  LITERS. 


U.S. 
Gallons. 

Liters. 

U.S. 
Gallons. 

Liters. 

51 
52 

193.13 
196.91 

76 

77 

287.80 
291.58 

53 

200.  70 

78 

295-37 

54 

204.49 

79 

299.16 

55 

208.27 

80 

302.94 

56 

212.06 

81 

306.73 

57 

215-85 

82 

310.52 

58 

219.63 

83 

3I4.30 

59 

223.42 

84 

318.09 

60 

227.21 

85 

321.88 

61 

230.99 

86 

325.66 

62 

234.78 

87 

32945 

63 

238.57 

88 

333-24 

64 

242.35 

89 

337-02 

65 

246.14 

90 

340.8i 

66 

249-93 

9i 

344.6o 

67 

253.71 

92 

348.38 

68 

257.50 

93 

352.17 

69 

261.29 

94 

355-96 

70 

265.08 

95 

359-75 

71 

268.86 

96 

363.53 

72 

272.65 

97 

367-32 

73 

276.44 

98 

371.11 

/  «J 

74 

280.22 

99 

374.89 

75 

284.01 

ICO 

378.68 

io8 


THE   METRIC    SYSTEM. 


LITERS  TO  BRITISH  LIQUID  QUARTS. 


Liters. 

British 
Quarts. 

Liters. 

British 
Quarts. 

I 

0.88 

26 

22.90 

2 

1.76 

27 

23.78 

3 

2.64 

28 

24.67 

4 

3-52 

29 

25-55 

5 

440 

30 

2643 

6 

5.29 

31 

27.31 

7 

6.I7 

32 

28.19 

8 

7-05 

33 

29.07 

9 

7-93 

34 

2995 

10 

8.81 

35 

30.83 

ii 

9.69 

36 

3L7I 

12 

10.57 

37 

32.59 

13 

11-45 

38 

33-47 

14 

12.33 

39 

34-36 

15 

13.21 

40 

35.24 

16 

14.09 

4i 

36.12 

'7 

14.98 

42 

37-00 

18 

15-86 

43 

37.88 

19 

16.74 

44 

38.76 

20 

17.62 

45 

39.64 

21 

18.50 

46 

40.52 

22 

19.38 

47 

41.40 

23 

20.26 

48 

42.28 

24 

21.14 

49 

43.16 

25 

22.02 

50 

44.04 

LIQUID    MEASURE. 


109 


LITERS  TO  BRITISH  LIQUID  QUARTS. 


Liters. 

British 
Quarts. 

Liters. 

British 
Quarts. 

51 
52 

44-93 
45.81 

76 

77 

66.95 
67.83 

S3 

46.69 

78 

68.71 

54 

47-57 

79 

69.59 

55 

48.45 

80 

70.47 

56 

49-33 

81 

7L35 

57 

50  21 

82 

72.23 

58 

51.09 

83 

73-11 

59 

51.97 

84 

74-00 

60 

52.85 

85 

74-88 

61 

53-73 

86 

75.76 

62 

54.62 

87 

76.64 

63 

55-50 

88 

77-52 

64 

56.38 

89 

78.40 

65 

57.26 

90 

79.28 

66 

58.14 

91 

80.  16 

67 

59.02 

92 

81.04 

68 

59-9° 

93 

81.92 

69 

60.78 

94 

82.80 

70 

61.66 

95 

83.69 

7i 

62.54 

96 

84.57 

72 

63.42 

97 

85.45 

73 

64.31 

98 

86.33 

74 

65.19 

99 

87.21 

75 

66.07 

100 

88.09 

no 


THE    METRIC    SYSTEM. 


BRITISH  LIQUID  QUARTS  TO  LITERS. 


British 
Quarts. 

Liters. 

British 
Quarts. 

Liters. 

I 

1.  14 

26 

29.52 

2 

2.27 

27 

30.65 

3 

3-41 

28 

31-79 

4 

4-54 

29 

32.92 

5 

568 

30 

34.06 

6 

6.81 

31                  35.19 

7 

7-95 

32 

36.33 

8 

9.08 

33 

37.46 

9 

IO.22 

34               38.60 

10 

11-35 

35 

39-73 

ii 

12.49 

36 

40.87 

12 

13.62 

37 

42.00 

13 

14.76 

38 

43-14 

M 

15.89 

39 

44.27 

15 

17.03 

40 

45-41 

16 

18.16 

41 

46.55 

17 

19.30 

42 

47.68 

18 

20.43 

43 

48.82 

19 

21-57 

44 

49-95 

20 

22.71 

45 

51.09 

21 

23.84 

46 

52.22 

22 

2498 

47 

53-36 

23 

26.11 

48 

54-49 

24 

27.25 

49 

55.63 

25 

2838 

50 

56.76 

LIQUID    MEASURE, 


III 


BRITISH  LIQUID  QUARTS  TO  LITERS. 


British 
Quarts. 

Liters. 

British 
Quarts. 

Liters. 

SI 

57-QO 

76 

86.28 

52 

59-03 

77 

87.41 

53 

54 

60.17 
61.30 

78 
79 

88.55 
89.69 

55 

62.44 

80 

90.82 

56 

63.57 

81 

91.96 

57 

64.71 

82 

93-09 

58 

65.84 

83 

94.23 

59 

66.98 

84 

95.36 

60 

68.12 

85 

96.50 

61 

69.25 

86 

97.63 

62 

70.39 

87 

98.77 

63 

71-52 

88 

99.90 

64 

72.66 

89 

101.04 

65 

73-79 

90 

102.17 

66 

74-93 

91 

103.31 

67 

76.06 

92 

104.44 

68 

77.20 

93 

105.58 

69 

78.33 

94 

106.71 

70 

79-47 

95 

107.85 

71 

80.60 

96 

108.98 

72 

8i.74 

97 

1  10.  12 

73 

82.87 

98 

IH.25 

74 

84.01 

99 

112.39 

75 

85.14 

100 

H3-53 

112 


THE   METRIC    SYSTEM. 


LITERS  TO  BRITISH  GALLONS, 


Liters. 

British 
Gallons. 

Liters. 

British 
Gallons. 

I 

0.220 

26 

5.726 

2 

0.440 

27 

5.946 

3 

0.661 

28 

6.166 

4 

0.881 

29 

6.386 

5 

I.IOI 

30 

6.607 

6 

I.32I 

31 

6.827 

7 

1-542 

32 

7.047 

8 

1.762 

33 

7.267 

9 

1.982 

34 

7.487 

10 

2.202 

35 

7.708 

ii 

2.422 

36 

7.928 

12 

2643 

37 

8.148 

T3 

2.863 

38 

8.368 

14 

3.083 

39 

8.589 

15 

3.303 

40 

8.809 

16 

3.524 

4i 

9.029 

17 

3-744 

42 

9.249 

18 

3.964 

43 

9.469 

19 

4.184                 44 

9.690 

20 

4.404 

45 

9.910 

21 

4.625 

46 

10.130 

22 

4.845 

47 

10.350 

23 

5.065 

48 

10.571 

24 

5.285 

49 

10.791 

25 

5.505 

50 

II.  Oil 

LIQUID    MEASURE. 


LITERS  TO  BRITISH  GALLONS, 


Liters. 

British 
Gallons. 

Liters. 

British 
Gallons. 

51 

11.231 

76 

16.737 

52 

11.451 

16.957 

53 

11.672 

78 

17.177 

54 

11.892 

/ 

79 

17.397 

55 

12.  112 

80 

17.618 

56 

12.332 

81 

17-838 

57 

12.553 

82 

18.058 

58 

12.773 

83 

18.278 

59 

12.993 

84 

18.498 

60 

13-213 

85 

18.719 

61 

13-433 

86 

18.939 

62 

13  654 

87 

I9-I59 

63 

13.874 

88               19.379 

64 

14.094 

89               19.600 

65 

14.314 

90               19.820 

66 

14-535 

91 

20.040 

67 

14-755 

92 

20.260 

68 

14.975 

93 

.20.480 

69 

15.195 

94 

20.701 

70 

15.415 

95 

20.921 

71 

15-636 

96 

21.141 

72 

15-856 

97 

21.361 

73 

16.076 

98 

21.582 

74 

16.296 

99 

21.802 

75 

16.516 

100 

22.O22 

THE    METRIC    SYSTEM. 


BRITISH  GALLONS  TO  LITERS. 


British 
Gallons. 

Liters. 

British 
Gallons. 

i 

Liters 

I 

4-54 

26 

118.07 

2 

*<* 

27 

I22.6I 

3 

13  62 

28 

127.15 

4 

18.16 

29 

5 

22.71 

30 

136.23 

6 

27.25 

31 

140.77 

7 

31-79 

32 

145-31 

8 

36.33 

33 

149.85 

9 

40.87 

34 

154-39 

10 

45  41 

35 

158.94 

ii 

49-95 

36 

163.48 

12 

5449 

37 

163.02 

13 

59-03 

38 

172.56 

14 

63.57 

39 

177.10 

15 

68.12 

40 

181.64 

16 

72.66 

41 

1  86.18 

17 

77-20 

42 

190.72 

18 

8i.74 

43 

195.26 

19 

86.28 

44 

199.80 

20 

90.82 

45 

204-35 

21 

95.36 

46 

208.89 

22 

99.90 

47 

213-43 

23 

104  44 

48 

217.97 

24 

108.98 

49 

222.51 

25 

H3-53 

50 

227.05 

LIQUID    MEASURE. 


BRITISH  GALLONS  TO  LITERS. 


British 
Gallons. 

Liters. 

British 
Gallons. 

Liters. 

51 

52 

23L59 
236.13 

76 

77 

345-12 
349.66 

53 
54 

240.67 
245-21 

78 
79 

354-20 

358.74 

55 

249.76 

8a 

363-28 

56 
57 

254.30 
258.84 

81 
82 

36782 
372.36 

58 
59 

263.38 
267.93 

83 

84 

376.90 
381.45 

60 

272.46 

85 

385-99 

61 

62 

277.00 
281.54 

86 
87 

39°-  53 
395-07 

63 
64 

28608 
290.63 

88 
89 

399.61 
404-15 

65 

295.17 

90 

408.69 

66 
67 

299.71 
304-25 

9i 
92 

413-23 
417.77 

68 
69 

308.79 
313.33 

93 
94 

422.31 
426.86 

70 

317.87 

95 

431-40 

71 
72 

322.41 
326.95 

96 
97 

435-94 
440.48 

73 

74 

33i  49 
336.04 

98 
99 

445-02 
449  56 

75 

340.58 

100 

454-10 

n6 


THE   METRIC    SYSTEM. 


LITERS  TO  U.  S.  DRY  QUARTS. 


Liters. 

Dry  Quarts. 

Liters. 

Dry  Quarts. 

I 
2 

O.QI 
1.82 

26 
27 

23.61 
24.52 

3 

4 

2.72 

3.63 

28 
29 

25-43 
26.33 

5 

4-54 

30 

27.24 

6 

7 

5-45 
6.36 

31 
32 

28.15 
29  06 

8 
9 

7.26 
8.I7 

33 
34 

29.97 
30.87 

10 

9.08 

35 

31.78 

ii 

12 

9.99 
10.90 

36 

37 

32.69 
33.60 

13 

14 

ii.  81 
12.71 

38 
39 

34  51 

35.42 

15 

13.62 

40 

36.32 

16 
17 

14-53 
15-44 

4i 
42 

37-23 

38.14 

18 
19 

16.35 
17-25 

43 
44 

39-05 
3996 

20 

18.16 

45 

40.86 

21 
22 

1907 

1998 

46 

47 

4i  77 

42.68 

23 

24 

20  89 

21.79 

48 
49 

43-59 
44-50 

25 

22.70 

50 

45-40 

DRY    MEASURE. 


117 


LITERS  TO  U.  S.  DRY  QUARTS. 


Liters. 

Dry  Quarts. 

Liters. 

Dry  Quarts. 

51 

46.31 

76 

69.01 

52 

47.22 

77 

69.92 

53 

48.13 

78 

70.83 

54 

49.04 

79 

7L74 

55 

49-94 

80 

72.65 

56 

50.85 

81 

73.55 

57 

51.76 

82 

74.46 

58 

52.67 

83 

75-37 

59 

53.58 

84 

76.28 

60 

54.48 

85 

77.19 

61 

55-39 

86 

78.09 

62 

56.30 

87 

79.00 

63 

57-21 

88 

79.91 

64 

58.12 

89 

80  82 

65 

59.03 

90 

8i.73 

66 

59-93 

91 

82.64 

67 

60.84 

92 

83.54 

68 

6i.75 

93 

84.45 

69 

62.66 

94 

85.36 

70 

63-57 

95 

86.27 

71 

64.47 

96 

87.18 

72 

65-38 

97 

88.08 

73 

66.29 

98 

88.99 

74 

67.20 

99 

89.90 

75 

68.11 

100 

90.81 

n8 


THE   METRIC    SYSTEM. 


U.  S.  DRY  QUARTS  TO  LITERS. 


Dry  Quarts. 

Liters.         !  Dry  Quarts. 

Liters. 

I 

I.  TO 

26 

28.63 

2 

2.20 

27 

29-73 

3 

3-30 

28 

30.83 

4 

4.40 

29 

31-93 

5 

5-51 

30 

33-04 

6 

6.61 

3i 

34.14 

7 

7-71 

32 

35-24 

8 

8.8r 

33 

36.34 

9 

9.91 

34 

37-44 

10 

II.  01 

35 

38.£4 

n 

12.  II 

36 

39.64 

12 

13  21 

37 

40.74 

13 

14.32 

38 

41.85 

14 

15-42 

39 

42.95 

15 

16.52 

40 

44.05 

16 

17.62 

4i 

45.15 

'7 

18.72 

42 

46.25 

18 

19.82 

43 

47-35 

19 

20.92 

44 

48.45 

20 

22.02 

45 

49-55 

21 

23-13 

46 

50.66 

22 

24.23 

47 

51.76 

23 

25-33 

48 

52  86 

24 

2643 

49 

53-  96 

25 

27-53 

50 

55-oe 

DRY    MEASURE. 


U.  S.  DRY  QUARTS  TO  LITERS. 


Dry 

Quarts. 

Liters. 

Dry 

Quarts. 

Liters. 

51 

56.16 

76 

83.69 

52 

57.26 

77 

84.79 

53 

58.36 

78 

85.89 

54 

59-46 

79 

86.99 

55 

60.57 

80 

88.10 

56 

61.67 

81 

89.20 

57 

62.77 

82 

90.30 

58 

63.87 

83 

91.40 

59 

64.97 

84 

92.50 

60 

66.07 

85 

93.6o 

61 

67.17 

86 

94.70 

62 

68.27 

87 

95.80 

63 

69.38 

88 

9691 

64 

70.48 

89 

98.01 

65 

7i-58 

90 

99.11 

66 

72.68 

91 

IOO.  21 

67 

73.78 

92 

ioi  31 

68 

74-88 

.    93 

102.41 

69 

7593 

94 

103.51 

70 

77.08 

95 

I04.6I 

7i 

78.19 

96 

105.72 

72 

79.29 

97 

106.82 

73 

80.39 

98 

107.92 

74 

81.49 

99 

I09.O2 

75 

82.59 

100 

110.12 

120 


THE    METRIC    SYSTEM. 


CUBIC  METERS  (Steres)  TO  U.  S.  BUSHELS. 


Cubic 
Meters 
(Steres.) 

Bushels. 

Cubic 
Meters 
(Steres.) 

Bushels. 

I 
2 

28.4 
56.8 

26 
27 

737.8 
766.2 

3 

4 

85.1 
"3-5 

28 
29 

794-6 
823.0 

5 

141.9 

30 

851.3 

6 
7 

170.3 
198.6 

31 
32 

879.7 
908  i 

8 
9 

227.0 
255-4 

33 
34 

936.5 
964.8 

10 

283.8 

35 

993-2 

ii 

12 

312.2 
340.5 

36 
37 

I02I.6 

1050.0 

13 

368.9 
397-3 

38 
39 

1078.3 
1106.7 

15 

425.7 

40 

II35-I 

16 
17 

454-0 
482.4 

42 

1163.5 
1191.9 

18 
19 

510.8 
539-2 

43 
44 

1220.2 
1248.6 

20 

567.6 

45 

1277.0 

21 
22 

595-9 
6243 

46 
47 

1305.4 
1333-7 

23 

24 

652.7 
681.1 

48 
49 

1362  I 

25 

709.4 

50 

I4I8.9 

DRY    MEASURE. 


121 


CUBIC  METERS  (Steres)  TO  U.  S.  BUSHELS. 


Cubic 
Meters 
(Steres.) 

Bushels. 

Cubic 
Meters 
(Steres.) 

Bushels. 

51 

1447-3 

76 

2156.7 

52 

1475-6 

77 

2185.1 

53 

1504-0 

78 

2213.5 

54 

1532.4 

79 

2241.8 

55 

1560.8 

80 

2270.2 

56 

1589-1 

81 

2298.6 

57 

16*75 

82 

23270 

58 

1645  9 

83 

2355-3 

59 

1^74.3 

84 

2383.7 

60 

1702.7 

85 

2412.1 

61 

1731.0 

86 

2440.  5 

62 

1759-4 

87 

2468.9 

63 

17878 

88 

2497.2 

64 

1816.2 

89 

2525.6 

65 

1844.5 

90 

2554-0 

66 

18729 

9i 

2582.4 

67 

1901.3 

92 

2610.7 

68 

1929.7 

93 

2639.1 

69 

1958.1 

94 

2667.5 

70 

1986.4 

95 

2695.9 

7i 

2014  8 

96 

2724.2 

72 

2043.2 

97 

2752,6 

73 

207T.6 

98 

2781.0 

74 

20999 

99 

2809.4 

75 

2128.3 

IOO 

2837-8 

122 


THE    METRIC    SYSTEM. 


U.  S.  BUSHELS  TO  CUBIC  METERS  (Steres.) 


Bushels. 

Cubic  Meters 
(Steres.) 

Bushels. 

Cubic  Meters 
(Steres.) 

I 
2 

0.0352 
0.0705 

26 
27 

0.9162 
09515 

3 

4 

0.1057 
0.1410 

28 
29 

0.9867 
1.0219 

5 

0.1762 

30 

1.0572 

6 

7 

O.21  14 
0.2467 

31 
32 

1.0924 
1.1276 

8 
9 

o  2819 

03172 

33 
34 

1.1629 
1.1981 

10 

0.3524 

35 

1-2334 

ii 

12 

0.3876 
0.4229 

36 
37 

1.2686 
1.3038 

13 
14 

o  4581 

0.4933 

38 
39 

I-339I 
1-3743 

15 

0.5286 

40 

1.4096 

16 
17 

0.5638 

0.5991 

4i 

42 

1.4448 
1.4800 

18 
*9 

0.6343 

0.6695 

43 
44 

I.5I53 
1.5505 

20 

0.7048 

45 

1.5858 

21 
22 

o  7400 

0.7753 

46 

47 

1.6210 
1.6562 

23 

24 

0.8  [05 
0.8457 

48 
49 

1.6915 
1.7267 

25 

0.8810 

50 

1.7620 

DRY    MEASURE. 


I23 


U.  S.  BUSHELS  TO  CUBIC  METERS  (Steres.) 


Bushels. 

Cubic  Meters 
(Steres.) 

Bushels. 

Cubic  Meters 
(Steres.) 

51 

1.7972 

76 

2.6782 

52 

1.8324 

77 

2  7134 

53 

1.8677 

78 

2.7486 

54 

1.9029 

79 

2.7839 

55 

I.938I 

80 

2.8191 

56 

1-9734 

81 

2.8544 

57 

2.0086 

82 

2.8896 

58 

2.0439 

83 

2.9248 

59 

2.0791 

84 

2  9601 

60 

2.1143 

85 

2-9953 

61 

2.1496 

86 

3-0306 

62 

2.1848 

87 

3.0658 

63 

2.22OI 

88 

3.IOIO 

64 

2.2553 

89 

3.1363 

65 

2.2905 

90 

3.I7I5 

66 

2.3258 

9i 

3.2067 

67 

2.3610 

92 

3.2420 

68 

2.3963 

93 

3.2772 

69 

2.4315 

94 

3.3I25 

70 

2.4667 

95 

3-3477 

7i 

2.5O2O 

96 

3-3829 

72 

2.5372 

97 

3.4182 

73 

2.5724 

98 

3-4534 

74 

2.6077 

99 

3  4887 

75 

2.6429 

100 

3.5239 

124 


THE   METRIC    SYSTEM. 


GRAMMES  TO  GRAINS. 


Grammes. 

Grains. 

Grammes. 

Grains. 

I 

15.432 

26 

401.241 

2 

30.865 

27 

416.673 

3 

46  297 

28 

432.106 

4 

61.729 

29 

447.538 

5 

77  162 

30 

462  970 

6 

92-594 

31 

478.403 

7 

108.026 

32 

493.835 

8 

123-459 

33 

509.268 

9 

138.891 

34 

524.700 

10 

154-323 

35 

540.132 

ii 

169.756 

36 

555.565 

12 

185.188 

37 

570.997 

J3 

200.621 

38 

586.429 

14 

216.053 

39 

601.862 

15 

231.485 

40 

617.294 

16 

246.918 

4i 

632.726 

17  • 

262.350 

42 

648.159 

18 

277-782 

43 

663.591 

J9 

293.215 

44 

679.023 

20 

308.647 

45 

694.456 

21 

324.079 

46 

709.888 

22 

339  512 

47 

725.320 

23 

354.944 

48 

74^-753 

24 

370.376 

49 

756.185 

25 

385.809 

50 

771.617 

MEASURES   OF   MASS. 


125 


GRAMMES  TO  GRAINS. 


Grammes. 

Grains. 

Grammes. 

Grains. 

51 

787-050 

76 

1172  859 

52 

802  482 

77 

1188.291 

53 

817.914 

78 

1203.723 

54 

833.347 

79 

1219.156 

55 

848.779 

80 

1234.588 

56 

864.212 

81 

1250.020 

57 

879.644 

82 

1265.453 

58 

895.076 

83 

1280.885 

59 

9rt>.5<-9 

84 

1296.317 

60 

925.941 

85 

I3ti.750 

61 

94L373 

86 

1327.182 

62 

956.806 

87 

1342.614 

63 

972.238 

88 

1358.047 

64 

987.670 

89 

1373.479 

65 

1003.103 

90 

1388.911 

66 

1018.535 

91 

1404.344 

67 

1033.967 

92 

1419.776 

68 

1049.400 

93 

1435.208 

69 

1064.832 

94 

1450.641 

70 

1080.264 

95 

1466.073 

71 

1095.697 

96 

1481.505 

72 

1111.129 

97 

1496.938 

73 

1126.561 

98 

1512.370 

74 

1141.994 

99 

1527-803 

75 

1157-426 

100 

1543.235 

126 


THE    METRIC    SYSTEM. 


GRAINS  TO  GRAMMES. 


Grains. 

Grammes. 

Grains. 

Grammes. 

I 
2 

0.0648 
0.1296 

26 
27 

1.6848 
1.7496 

3 

4 

0.1944 
0.2592 

28 
29 

1.8144 
1.8792 

5 

0.3240 

30 

1.9440 

6 

7 

0.3888 
0.4536 

31 
32 

2.0088 
2.0736 

8 
9 

0.5184 

0.5832 

33 
34 

2.1384 
2.2032 

10 

0.6480 

35 

2.2680 

ii 

12 

o  71*28 
o  7776 

36 
37 

2.3328 
2  3976 

13 

14 

o  8424 
0.9072 

38 

39 

2.4624 
2.5272 

15 

0.9720 

40 

-        2.5920 

16 
i? 

1.0368 
1.1016 

4i 
42 

2.6568 
2.7216 

18 
19 

1.1664 
1.2312 

43 
44 

2.7864 
2.8512 

20 

1.2960 

45 

2.9160 

21 
22 

1.3608 
1.4256 

46 

47 

2.9808 
3.0456 

23 

24 

1.4904 
1.5552 

48 
49 

3.II04 
3.1752 

25 

1.6200 

50 

3.2400 

MEASURES   OF    MASS. 


127 


GRAINS  TO  GRAMMES. 


Grains. 

Grammes. 

Grains. 

Grammes. 

51 
52 

3-3047 
3.3695 

76 

77 

49247 

4.9895 

S3 

3-4343 

78 

5-0543 

54 

3-4991 

79 

5.1191 

55 

3  5639 

80 

5-1839 

56 

3-6287 

81 

5-2487 

57 

3-6935 

82  ' 

5.3135 

58 

3.7583 

83 

5-3783 

59 

3-8231 

84 

5-4431 

60 

3  8879 

85 

5  5079 

61 

3  9527 

86 

5-5727 

62 

40175 

87 

5-6375 

63 

4.0823 

88 

5  7023 

64 

4.1471 

89 

5-7671 

65 

4^2119 

90 

5-8319 

66 

4-2767 

91 

5-8967 

67 

4.3415 

92 

5.9615 

68 

4-4063 

93 

6.0263 

69 

4.4711 

94 

6.0911 

70 

4-5359 

95 

6.1559 

71 

4.6007 

96 

6.2207 

72 

'   4-6655 

97 

6.2855 

73 

4.7303 

98 

6.3503 

74 

4.7951 

99 

6.4151 

75 

4.8599 

100 

6.4799 

128 


THE    METRIC    SYSTEM. 


GRAMMES  TO  AVOIRDUPOIS  OUNCES. 


Grammes. 

Ounces. 

Grammes. 

Ounces. 

I 
2 

0.035274 
0.070548 

26 

27 

0.917122 
0.952396 

3 

4 

0.105822 
0.141096 

28 
29 

o  987670 
1.022944 

5 

0.176370 

30 

1.058218 

6 

7 

0.211644 

0.246918 

31 
32 

I  093492 
1.128766 

8 
9 

0.282192 
0.317465 

33 
34 

1.164040 
1.199314 

10 

0.352739 

35 

1.234588 

ii 

12 

0.388013 
0.423287 

36 

37 

1.269862 
1.305136 

13 

14 

0458561 
o  493835 

38 
39 

1.340410 

1.375684 

15 

0.529109 

40 

1.410958 

16 
17 

0.564383 
0.599657 

4i 
42 

i  446232 
1.481505 

18 
19 

0.634931 
0.670205 

43 
44 

1.516779 
1-552053 

20 

0.705479 

45 

I-587327 

21 
22 

0.740753 
0.776027 

46 

47 

1.622601 
1.657875 

23 

24 

0.811301 
0.846575 

48 
49 

1.693149 

1.728423 

25 

0.881848 

50 

1.763697 

MEASURES    OF    MASS. 


I29 


GRAMMES  TO  AVOIRDUPOIS  OUNCES. 


Grammes. 

Ounces. 

Grammes. 

Ounces. 

51 

1.798971 

76 

2.680819 

52 

1.834245 

77 

2.716093 

53 

1.869519 

78 

2.751367 

54 

1.904793 

79 

2.786641 

55 

1.940067 

80 

2.821915 

56 

I-97534I 

81 

2.857189 

57 

2.010615 

82 

2.892463 

58 

2.045889 

83 

2  927737 

59 

2.081162 

84 

2.963011 

60 

2.116436 

85 

2.998285 

61 

2.15171^ 

86 

3.033559 

62 

2.186984 

87 

3.068833 

63 
64 

2.222258 

2.257532 

88 
89 

3.I04I07 
3.I3938I 

65 

2.292806 

90 

3.174655 

66 

2.328080 

91 

3-209929 

67 

2.363354     92 

3.245202 

68 

2.398628 

93 

3.280476 

69 

2.433902 

94 

3.315750 

70 

2.469176 

95 

3.351024 

7i 

2.504450 

96 

3.386298 

72 

2.539724 

97 

3421572 

73 

2.574998 

98 

3.456846 

74 

2.610272 

99 

3.492120 

75 

2.645545    100 

3.527394 

130 


THE    METRIC    SYSTEM. 


AVOIRDUPOIS  OUNCES  TO  GRAMMES. 


Ounces. 

Grammes.      ,     Ounces. 

II 

Grammes. 

I 

28.350                26 

737.088 

2 

56.699                27                 765.438 

3 

85-049                28 

793  787 

4 

H3.398                29 

822.137 

5 

141.748 

30 

850.486 

6 

170.097 

31 

878.836 

7 

198.447 

32 

907-185 

8 

226.796 

33 

935-535 

9 

255.146 

+J+J 

34 

963-884 

10 

283.495 

35 

992.234 

ii 

3H.845 

36 

1020.583 

12 

340.194 

37 

1048.933 

13 

368.544 

38 

1077.283 

14 

396.894 

39 

1105.632 

15 

425.243 

40 

1133-982 

16 

453-593 

41 

1162.331 

17 

481.942 

42 

1190.681 

18 

510.292 

43 

1219.030 

19 

538.641 

44 

1247.380 

20 

566.991 

45 

1275.729 

21 

595-340 

46 

1304.079 

22 

623.690 

47 

1332  428 

23 

652.039 

48 

1360.778 

24 

680.389 

49 

1389-127 

25 

708.738 

50 

1417.477 

MEASURES   OF    MASS. 


AVOIRDUPOIS  OUNCES  TO  GRAMMES. 


Ounces. 

Grammes. 

Ounces. 

Grammes. 

51 
52 

1445.827 
1474.176 

76 

77 

2154.565 
2182.915 

S3 

54 

1502.526 

1530.875 

78 
79 

2211.264 
2239.614 

55 

1559.225 

80 

2267.963 

56 
57 

1587.574 
1615.924 

81 
82 

2296.313 
2324.662 

58 
59 

1644.273 
1672.623 

83 

84 

2353.012 
2381.361 

60 

1700.972 

85 

2409.711 

61 

62 

1729.322 

1757.671 

86 
87 

2438.060 
2466.410 

63 
64 

1786.021 
1814.371 

88 
89 

2494.760 
2523.109 

65 

1842  720 

90 

255L459 

66 
67 

1871.070 
1899.419 

9i 
92 

2579.808 
2608.158 

68 
69 

1927.769 
1956.118 

93 
94 

2636.507 
2664.857 

70 

1984.468 

95 

2693.206 

7i 
72 

2012.817 
2041.167 

96 
97 

2721.556 
2749  905 

73 

74 

2069.516 
2097.866 

98 
99 

2778.255 
2806.604 

75 

2126.215 

100 

2834.954 

THE    METRIC    SYSTEM. 


KILOGRAMS  TO  AVOIRDUPOIS  POUNDS. 


Kilograms. 

Pounds. 

Kilograms. 

Pounds. 

I 

2.205 

26 

57-320 

2 

4.409 

27 

59.525 

3 

6.614 

28 

61.729 

4 

8.818 

29 

63.934 

5 

11.023 

30 

66.139 

6 

13.228 

31 

68.343 

7 

15.432 

32 

70.548 

8 

17-637 

33 

72.752 

9 

19.842 

34 

74-957 

10 

22.046 

35 

77.162 

ii 

24.251 

36 

79.366 

12 

26.455 

37 

81.571 

13 

28.660 

38 

83.776 

14 

30.865 

39 

85.980 

IS 

33.069 

40 

88.185 

16 

35.274 

4i 

90.389 

17 

37-479 

42 

92-594 

18 

39-683 

43 

94.799 

19 

41.888 

44 

97-003 

20 

44.092 

45 

99.208 

21 

46.297 

46 

101.413 

22 

48.502 

47 

103.617 

23 

24 

50.706 
52.911 

48 
49 

105.822 
108.026 

25 

55.116 

50 

110.231 

MEASURES   OF    MASS. 


133 


KILOGRAMS  TO  AVOIRDUPOIS  POUNDS. 


Kilograms. 

Pounds. 

Kilograms. 

Pounds. 

51 
52 

112.436 
114  640 

76 

77 

167.551 
169.756 

53 
54 

116.845 
119.050 

78 
79 

171.960 
174.165 

55 

121.254 

80 

176.370 

56 
57 

123459 
125.663 

81 
82 

178.574 
180.779 

58 
59 

127.868 
130073 

83 
84 

182.984 
185.188 

60 

132.277 

85 

187.393 

61 
62 

134.482 
136.687 

86 
87 

189.597 
191.802 

63 
64 

138.891 
141  096 

88 
89 

194.007 
196.211 

65 

143  300 

90 

198.416 

66 
67 

145.505 
147.710 

9i 
92 

200.621 
202.825 

68 
69 

149.914 
152.119 

93 

94 

205.030 
207  234 

70 

154.323 

95 

209.439 

71 
72 

156.528 
158.733 

96 

97 

211.644 
213.848 

73 
74 

160.937 
163.142 

98 
99 

216.053 
218.257 

75 

165.347 

100 

220.462 

'34 


THE    METRIC    SYSTEM. 


AVOIRDUPOIS  POUNDS  TO  KILOGRAMS. 


Pounds. 

Kilograms. 

i 
Pounds. 

Kilograms. 

I 
2 

0.4536 
0.9072 

26 
27 

11-7934 
12.2470 

3 

4 

1.3608 
1.8144 

28 
29 

12.7006 
13.1542 

5 

2.268o 

30 

13.6078 

6 

7 

2.7216 
3.1752 

31 
32 

14.0614 
14.5150 

8 
9 

3-6287 
4.0823 

33 

34 

14.9686 
15.4222 

10 

4-5359 

35 

15.8758 

ii 

12 

4.9895 
5-4431 

36 

37 

16.3293 
16.7829 

13 

14 

5.8967 
6.3503 

38 
39 

17.2365 
17.6901 

15 

.  6.8039 

40 

18.1437 

16 

17 

7.2575 
7.7111 

4i 
42 

18.5973 
19-0509 

18 
19 

8.1647 
8.6183 

43 
44 

I9-5045 
19-9581 

20 

9.0719 

45 

20.4117 

21 
22 

9.5255 
9.9790 

46 
47 

20.8653 
21.3189 

23 

24 

10.4326 
10.8862 

48 
49 

21.7725 
22.2261 

25 

H.3398 

50 

22.6797 

MEASURES    OF    MASS. 


135 


AVOIRDUPOIS  POUNDS  TO  KILOGRAMS. 


Pounds. 

Kilograms. 

Pounds. 

Kilograms. 

51 

23.1332 

76 

34-4731 

52 

23.5868 

-    77 

34.9267 

53 

24.0404 

78 

35.3803 

54 

24.4940 

79 

35.8338 

55 

24.9476 

80 

36.2874 

56 

25.4012 

81 

36.7410 

57 

25.8548 

82 

37.1946 

58 

26.3084 

83 

37.6482 

59 

26.7620 

84 

38.1018 

60 

27.2156 

85 

38.5554 

61 

27.6692 

86 

39  0090 

62 

28.1228 

87 

39.4626 

63 

28.5764 

88 

39-9162 

64 

29.0300 

89 

40.3698 

65 

29.4835 

90 

40.8234 

66 

29.9371 

91 

41.2770 

67 

30.3907 

92 

41.7306 

68 

30.8443 

93 

42.1841 

69 

31.2979 

94 

42.6377 

70 

3L75I5 

95 

43.0913 

7i 

32.2051 

96 

43-5449 

72 

32.6587 

97 

43.9985 

73 

33.1123 

98 

44.4521 

74 

33.5659 

99 

44.9057 

75 

34.0195 

100 

45-3593 

i36 


THE   METRIC    SYSTEM. 


GRAMMES  TO  TROY  OUNCES. 


Grammes. 

Ounces. 

Grammes. 

Ounces. 

I 
2 

0.0322 
0.0643 

26 
27 

0.8359 
0.8681 

3 
4 

0.0965 
0.1286 

28 
29 

0.9002 
0.9324 

5 

o.  1608 

30 

0.9645 

6 

7 

0.1929 
0.2251 

31 
32 

09967 

1.0288 

8 
9 

0.2572 
0.2894 

33 

34 

r.o6io 

1.0931 

10 

0.3215 

35 

1-1253 

ii 

12 

0-3537 
0.3858 

36 
37 

I-  1574 
i  1896 

13 

14 

0.4180 
0.4501 

38 

39 

1.2217 
i  2539 

IS 

0.4823 

40 

1.2860- 

16 
17 

0.5144 
o  5466 

4i 
42 

1-3182 
1.3503 

18 
19 

0.5787 
0.6109 

43 
44 

1.3825 
1.4146 

20 

0.6430 

45 

1.4468 

21 
22 

0.6752 
0.7073 

46 

47 

1.4789 
1.5111 

23 

24 

0-7395 
0.7716 

48 

49 

1-5432 
1-5754 

25 

0.8038 

50 

1.6075 

MEASURES   OF    MASS. 


137 


GRAMMES  TO  TROY  OUNCES. 


Grammes. 

Ounces. 

Grammes. 

Ounces. 

51 
52 

1.6397 
1.6718 

76 

77 

2  4435 
2.4756 

53 

54 

1.7040 
1.7361 

78 
79 

2.5078 
2  5399 

55 

I  7683 

80 

2.5721 

56 

57 

1  .  8004 
1.8326 

81 
82 

2.6042 
2.6364 

58 
59 

1.8647 
1.8969 

83 
84 

2  6685 

2.7007 

60 

1.9290 

85 

2.7328 

61 

62 

1.9612 
1-9933 

86 
87 

2.7650 

2.7971 

63 
64 

2.0255 
2.0576 

88 
89 

2  8293 
2.8614 

65 

2.0898 

90 

2.8936 

66 
67 

2.1219 
2.1541 

9i 
92 

2  9257 
2-9579 

68 
69 

2.1862 
2.2184 

93 
94 

2.9900 
3.0222 

70 

2.2505 

95 

3-0543 

7i 
72 

2.2827 
2.3149 

96 

97 

3  0665 
3  1186 

73 

74 

2  3470 
2  3792 

98 
99 

3.1508 
3.1829 

V5 

2.4II3 

100 

3-2151 

"38 


THE    METRIC    SYSTEM. 


TROY  OUNCES  TO  GRAMMES. 


Ounces. 

Grammes. 

Ounces. 

Grammes. 

I 
2 

31-  1 
62.2 

26 

27 

808.7 
839-8 

3 

4 

93-3 
124.4 

28 
29 

8709 
902.0 

5 

155.5 

30 

933-1 

6 

7 

186.6 
217.7 

31 
32 

964.2 
995-3 

8 
9 

248.8 
279.9 

33 

34 

1026.4 
1057.5 

10 

3H.O 

35 

1088.  6 

zi 

12 

342.1 
373-2 

36 
37 

1119.7 
1150.8 

13 

14 

404.4 

435-5 

38 
39 

1182.0 
1213.1 

15 

466.6 

40 

1244.2 

16 
17 

497-7 

528.8 

42 

1275-3 
1306.4 

18 
19 

559-9 
591-0 

43 
44 

1337-5 
1368.6 

20 

622.1 

45 

1399-7 

21 
22 

653-2 
684.3 

46 

47 

1430.8 
1461.9 

23 

24 

715.4 
746.5 

48 
49 

1493-0 
1524.1 

25 

777-6 

50 

1555-2 

MEASURES   OF   MASS. 


139 


TROY  OUNCES  TO  GRAMMES. 


Ounces. 

Grammes. 

Ounces. 

Grammes. 

51 

1586.3 

76 

2363  9 

52 

1617.4 

77 

2395.0 

53 

1648.5 

78 

2426.1 

54 

1679  6 

79 

2457-2 

55 

1710.7 

80 

2488.3 

56 

1741.8 

81 

25194 

57 

1772.9 

82 

2550.5 

58 

1804.0 

83 

2581  6 

59 

1835.1 

84 

2612.7 

60 

1866.2 

85 

2643.8 

61 

1897-3 

86 

2674.9 

62 

1928.4 

87 

2706.0 

63 

1959.6 

88 

2737,2 

64 

1990  7 

89 

27683 

65 

2021.8 

90 

2799.4 

66 

2052.9 

91 

2830.5 

67 

2084.0 

92 

2861  6 

68 

2II5-I 

93 

2892  7 

69 

2146.2 

94 

2923  8 

70 

2177-3 

95 

2954.9 

7i 

2208  4 

96 

2986.0 

72 

2239-5 

97 

3017.1 

73 

2270.6 

98 

3048  2 

74 

2301.7 

99 

3079-3 

75 

2332.8 

100 

3II0.4 

140 


THE    METRIC    SYSTEM. 


KILOGRAMS  TO  TROY  POUNDS. 


Kilograms. 

Pounds.           Kilograms. 

Pounds. 

I 

2.68                   26 

69.66 

2 

5-36                   27 

72.34 

3 

8.04                   28 

75.02 

4 

10.72                   29 

77.70 

5 

13.40                   30 

80.38 

6 

16  08 

3i 

83.06 

7 

18.75 

32 

85.74 

8 

21-43                 33 

88.41 

9 

24.11                34 

91.09 

10 

26.79 

35 

93  77 

ii 

29.47 

36 

96.45 

12 

32.15 

37 

99  13 

13 

34.83 

38 

101.81 

14 

37-51 

39 

104.49 

15 

40.19 

40 

107.17 

16 

42.87 

4i 

109.85 

17 

45-55 

42 

112.53 

18 

48  23 

43 

115.21 

19 

50.91 

44 

117.89 

20 

53.58 

45 

120.57 

21 

56.26 

46 

123.24 

22 

58.94 

47 

125.92 

23 

61.62 

48 

128.60 

24 

64.30 

49 

131.28 

25 

66.98 

50 

133.96 

MEASURES   OF   MASS. 


141 


KILOGRAMS  TO  TROY  POUNDS. 


Kilograms. 

Pounds. 

Kilograms. 

Pounds. 

51 

136.64 

76 

203.62 

52 

I39-32 

77 

206.30 

53 

142.00 

78 

208.98 

54 

144.68 

79 

2it.66 

55 

147  36 

80 

214.34 

56 

15004 

81 

217.02 

57 

152.72 

82 

219.70 

58 

155-40 

83 

222.38 

+J 

59 

158.07 

84 

225.06 

60 

160.75 

85 

227.73 

61 

163.43 

86 

230.41 

62 

i66.ii 

87 

233.09 

63 

168.79 

88 

235-77 

64 

I7L47 

89 

238.45 

65 

174.15 

90 

241.13 

66 

176.83 

9i 

243-81 

67 

179-51 

92 

246.49 

68 

182.19 

93 

249.17 

69 

184.87 

94 

251-85 

70 

187.55 

95 

254-53 

71 

190.23 

96 

257-21 

72 

192.90 

97 

259.89 

73 

195.58 

98 

262.56 

74 

198.26 

99 

265.24 

75 

200.  94 

IOO 

267.92 

142 


THE   METRIC    SYSTEM. 


TROY  POUNDS  TO  KILOGRAMS. 


Pounds. 

Kilograms. 

Pounds. 

Kilograms. 

I 

0-373 

26 

9.704 

2, 

0.746 

27 

10.077 

3 

1.  120 

28 

10.451 

4 

1-493 

29 

10.824 

5 

1.866 

30 

11.197 

6 

2.239 

31 

11.570 

7 

2.613 

32 

11.944 

8 

2.986 

33 

12.317 

9 

3-359 

34 

12.690 

10 

3-732 

35 

13-063 

ii 

4.106 

36 

13-437 

12 

4-479 

37 

13.810 

*3 

4.852 

38 

14-183 

14 

5-225 

39 

14.556 

15 

5-599 

40 

14.930 

16 

5-972 

4i 

15.303 

17 

6-345 

42 

15-676 

18 

6.718                43 

16.049 

19 

7.092               44 

16.423 

20 

7-465 

45 

16.796 

21 

7-838                46 

17.169 

22 

8.  211 

47 

17.542 

23 

8-585 

48 

17.916 

24 

8.958 

49 

18.289 

25 

9-331 

50 

18.662 

MEASURES    OF    MASS. 


TROY  POUNDS  TO  KILOGRAMS. 


Pounds. 

Kilograms. 

Pounds. 

Kilograms. 

51 

I9-035 

76 

28.366 

52 

19.408 

/ 

77 

28.739 

53 

19.782 

78 

29.113 

54 

20.155 

79 

29.486 

55 

20.528 

80 

29-859 

56 

2O.QOI 

81 

30.232 

57 

21.275 

82 

30.606 

58 

21.648 

83 

30.979 

59 

22.O2I 

84 

3L352 

60 

22.394 

85 

3L725 

61 

22.768 

86 

32.099 

62 

23.141 

87 

32.472 

63 

23  514 

88 

32-845 

64 

23.887 

89 

33-218 

65 

24.261 

90 

33.592 

66 

24.634 

91 

SS^S 

67 

25.007 

92 

34.338 

68 

25.380 

93 

34-711 

69 

25-754 

94 

35-085 

70 

26.127 

95 

35.458 

7i 

26.500 

96 

35.831 

72 

26.873 

97 

36.204 

73 

27.247 

98 

36.578 

74 

27  620 

99 

36.951 

75 

27-993 

100 

37.324 

144 


THE    METRIC    SYSTEM. 


MILLIERS  TO  SHORT  TONS, 


Milliers. 

Tons 

(of  2000  Ibs.) 

Milliers. 

Tons 

(of  2000  Ibs  ; 

I 
2 

I.IO2 
2.205 

26 
27 

28.660 
29  762 

3 

4 

3-307 

4.409 

28 
29 

30.865 
31-967 

5 

5-512 

30 

33.069 

6 

7 

6.614 
7.716 

31 
32 

34.172 
35.274 

8 
9 

8.8l8 

9.921 

33 
34 

36.376 

37-479 

10 

11.023 

35 

38.581 

ii 

12 

12.125 

13.223 

36 

37 

39-683 
40.785 

13 

J4 

14.330 

15.432 

38 
39 

41.888 
42  990 

15 

16  535 

40 

44-092 

16 

17 

17.637 

18.739 

4i 
42 

45.195 
46.297 

18 
19 

19.842 
20.944 

43 
44 

47-399 
48.502 

20 

22.046 

45 

49.604 

21 
22 

23.149 
24.251 

46 
47 

50.706 
51.809 

23 

24 

25-353 
26.455 

48 
49 

52.911 
54-013 

25 

27.558 

50 

55-116 

MEASURES   OF    MASS. 


MILLIERS  TO  SHORT  TONS. 


Milliers. 

Tons 
(of  2000  Ibs.) 

Milliers. 

Tons 
(of  2000  Ibs.) 

51 
52 

56.218 
57.320 

76 

77 

83.776 
84.878 

53 

54 

58.422 
59-525 

78 
79 

85.980 
87-083 

55 

60.627 

80 

88.185 

56 

61.729 

81 

89.287 

«J 

57 

62.832 

82 

90.389 

58 

63.934 

83 

91.492 

w 

59 

65.036 

84 

92.594 

60 

66.139 

85 

93-696 

61 

67.241 

86 

94-799 

62 

68.343 

87 

95.901 

63 

69.446 

88 

97.003 

4 

70.548 

89 

98.106 

65 

71-650 

90 

99.208 

66 

72.753 

91 

100.310 

67 

73.855 

92 

101.413 

68 

74-957 

93 

102.515 

69 

76.059 

94 

103.617 

70 

77.162 

95 

104.720 

71 

78.264 

96 

105.822 

72    i 

79.366 

97 

106.924 

73 

80.469 

98 

108.026 

74. 

81.571 

99 

109.129 

75 

82.673 

100 

110.231 

146 


THE    METRIC    SYSTEM. 


SHORT  TONS  TO  MILLIERS. 


Tons 
(of  2000  Ibs.) 

Tons 
Milhers.        (of  2000  Ibs.) 

Milliers. 

I 
2 

0.907 
1.814 

26 

27 

24.494 

3 

4 

2.722 
3-629 

28 
29 

25.401 
26.309 

5 

4.536 

30 

27.216 

6 

7 

5-443 
6.350 

31 
32 

28.123 
29.030 

8 
9 

7-258 
8.165 

33 
34 

29-937 
30.844 

10 

9.072 

35 

3L752 

ii 

12 

9-979 
10.886 

36 

37 

32.659 
33-566 

14 

11-793 
12.701 

38 
39 

34-473 

15 

13.608 

40 

36.288 

16 

17 

14.515 
.  15.422 

42 

37.195 
38.102 

18 
19 

16.329 
17.237 

43 
44 

39.009 
39.916 

20 

18.144             45 

40.824 

21 
22 

19.051 
19-958 

46 

47 

4L73I 
42.638 

23 

24 

20.865 
21.773 

48 
49 

43-545 
44.452 

25 

22.680 

1 

50 

45.360 

MEASURES   OF    MASS. 


147 


SHORT  TONS  TO  MILLIERS. 


Tons 

(of  2000  Ibs.) 

Milliers. 

Tons 

(of  2000  Ibs.) 

Milliers. 

51 
52 

46.267 
47-174 

76 

77 

68.946 

69.854 

53 
54 

48.081 
48.988 

78 
79 

70.761 
71.668 

55 

49.895 

80 

72.575 

56 
57 

50.803 
51.710 

81 

82 

73-482 
74-39° 

58 
59 

52.617 
53.524 

83 

84 

75.297 
76.204 

60 

54-431 

85 

77.111 

61 
62 

55-339 
56.246 

86 
87 

78.018 
78.926 

63 
64 

57-153 
58.060 

88 
89 

79.833 
80.  740 

65 

58.967 

90 

81.647 

66 
67 

59-875 
60.782 

9i 
92 

82.554 
83-461 

68 
69 

61.689 
62.596 

93 

94 

84-369 

85.276 

70 

63.503 

95 

86.183 

71 
72 

64.410 
65.318 

96 
97 

87.090 
87.997 

73 

74 

66.225 
67.132 

98 
99 

88.905 
89.812 

75 

68.039 

100 

90.719 

148 


THE    METRIC    SYSTEM. 


KILOGRAMS  PER  SQUARE  METER  TO 
POUNDS  PER  SQUARE  FOOT. 


Kilograms 
per  Square 
Meter. 

Pounds  per 
Square  Foot. 

Kilograms 
per  Square 
Meter 

Pounds  per 
Square  Foot. 

I 

o  205 

26 

5.325 

2 

0.410 

27 

5-530 

3 

0.614 

28 

5-735 

4 

0.819 

29 

5.940 

5 

1.024 

30 

6.144 

6 

1.229 

31 

6-349 

7 

1-434 

32 

6-554 

8 

1.639 

33 

6-759 

9 

1.843 

34 

6.964 

10 

2.048 

35 

7.169 

ii 

2.253 

36 

7-373 

12 

2.458 

37 

7.578 

13 

2.663 

38 

7.783 

14 

2.867 

39 

7.988 

IS 

3-072 

40 

8.193 

16 

3-277 

41 

8.397 

17 

3.482 

42 

8.602 

18 

3.687 

43 

8.807 

19 

3.892 

44 

9.012 

20 

4.096 

45 

9.217 

21 

4.301 

46 

9.422 

22 

4-506 

47 

9.626 

23 

4.711 

48 

9-83I 

24 

4.916 

49 

10.036 

25 

5.120 

50 

10.241 

MISCELLANEOUS    TABLES. 


149 


KILOGRAMS  PER  SQUARE  METER  TO 
POUNDS  PER  SQUARE  FOOT. 


Kilograms 
per  Square 
Meter. 

Pounds  per 
Square  Foot. 

Kilograms 
per  Square 
Meter. 

Pounds  per 
Square  Foot. 

51 

10.446 

76 

15.566 

52 

10.650 

77 

15.771 

53 

10.855 

78 

15.976 

54 

I  I.  060 

79 

I6.I80 

55 

11.265 

80 

16.385 

56 

11.470 

81 

16.590 

57 

11.675  • 

82 

16.795 

58 

11.879 

83 

I7.OOO 

59 

12.084 

84 

17.205 

60 

12.289 

85 

17.409 

61 

12.494 

86 

17.614 

62 

12.699 

87 

17.819 

63 

12.903 

88 

18.024 

64 

13.108 

89 

18.229 

65 

13.313 

90 

18.433 

66 

13.518 

91 

18.638 

67 

13.723 

92 

18.843 

68 

13.927 

93 

19.048 

69 

14.132 

94 

I9-253 

70 

14-337 

95 

19.458 

71 

I4.542 

96 

19.662 

72 

14.747 

97 

19  867 

73 

14.952 

98 

20.072 

74 

15.156 

99 

20.277 

75 

I5.36I 

100 

20.482     - 

'5° 


THE    METRIC    SYSTEM. 


POUNDS  PER  SQUARE  FOOT  TO  KILOGRAMS 
PER  SQUARE  METER. 


Pounds 
per  Square 
Foot. 

Kilograms 
per  Square 
Meter. 

Pounds 
per  Square 
Foot. 

Kilograms 
per  Square 
Meter. 

I 

4.88 

26 

126.94 

2 

9.76 

27 

131.82 

3 

14.65 

28 

136.71 

4 

19-53 

29 

I4L59 

5 

24.41 

30 

146.47 

6 

29.29 

31 

I5L35 

7 

34.18 

32 

156.24 

8 

39-°6 

33 

161.12 

9 

43  94 

34 

166.00 

10 

48.82 

35 

170.88 

ii 

53-71 

36 

175-77 

12 

58.59 

37 

180.65 

13 

63.47 

38 

185.53 

14 

68.35 

39 

19041 

15 

73.24 

40 

195.30 

16 

78.12 

41 

20O  1  8 

17 

83.00 

42 

205.06 

18 

87.88 

43 

209.94 

19 

92.77 

44 

214.83 

20 

97.65 

45 

219.71 

21 

102.53 

46 

224.59 

22 

107.41 

47 

229.47 

23 

112.30 

48 

234.36 

24 

117.18 

49 

239.24 

25 

122.06 

50 

244.12 

MISCELLANEOUS   TABLES. 


'5* 


POUNDS  PER  SQUARE  FOOT  TO  KILOGRAMS 
PER  SQUARE  METER. 


Pounds 
per  Square 
Foot. 

Kilograms 
per  Square 
Meter. 

Pounds 
per  Square 
Foot. 

Kilograms 
per  Square 
Meter. 

51 

249.00 

76 

371.06 

52 

253-88 

77 

375-94 

53 

258.77 

78 

380.83 

54 

263.65 

79 

385.71 

55 

26S.53 

80 

390.59 

56 

273.41 

81 

395-47 

57 

278.30 

82 

400.36 

58 

283.18 

83 

405.24 

59 

288.06 

84 

410.12 

60 

292.94 

85 

415-00 

61 

297.83 

86 

419-89 

62 

302.71 

87 

424.77 

63 

307.59 

88 

429.65 

64 

312.47 

89 

434-53 

65 

317.36 

90 

439-42 

66 

322.24 

91 

444.30 

67 

327-12 

92 

449.18 

68 

332.00 

93 

454.06 

69 

336.89 

94 

458.95 

70 

Mi-  77 

95 

463-83 

?i 

346.65 

96 

468.71 

72 

351-53 

97 

473-59 

73 

356.42 

98 

478.48 

74 

361.30 

99 

483.36 

75 

366.18 

100 

488.24 

'52 


THE    METRIC    SYSTEM. 


KILOGRAMS  PER  SQUARE  CENTIMETER  TO 
POUNDS  PER  SQUARE  INCH. 


Kilograms 
per  Square 
Centimeter. 

Pounds  per 
Square  Inch. 

Kilograms 
per  Square 
Centimeter. 

Pounds  per 
Square  Inch. 

I 

14.22 

26 

369.81 

2 

28.45 

27 

384-03 

3 

42.67 

28 

398.25 

4 

56.89 

29 

412.48 

5 

71.12 

3» 

426.70 

6 

85.34 

31 

44092 

7 

99-56 

32 

455-15 

8 

H3-79 

33 

469.37 

9 

128.01               34 

483  59 

10 

142.23               35 

497-82 

ii 

156.46 

36 

512.04 

12 

170.68 

37 

526.26 

13 

184.90 

38 

540.49 

14 

199  13 

39 

554-71 

15 

213  35 

40 

568.93 

16 

227.57 

4i 

583-16 

17 

241.80 

42 

597.38 

18 

256.02 

43 

611.60 

19 

270.24 

44 

625.83 

20 

284.47 

45 

640.05 

21 

298.69 

46 

654.27 

22 

312  91 

47 

668.50 

23 

327.14 

48 

682.72 

24 

341.36 

49 

696.94 

25 

355.58 

50 

711.17 

MISCELLANEOUS    TABLES. 


153 


KILOGRAMS  PER  SQUARE  CENTIMETER  TO 
POUNDS  PER  SQUARE  INCH. 


Kilograms 
per  Square 
Centimeter. 

Pounds  per 
Square  Inch. 

Kilograms 
per  Square 
Centimeter. 

Pounds  per 
Square  Inch. 

51 

725.39 

76 

1080  97 

52 

739.61 

77 

1095.20 

53 

753-84 

78 

1109.42 

54 

768.06 

79 

1123.64 

55 

782.28 

80 

1137.87 

56 

796.5I 

81 

1152.09 

57 

810.73 

82 

1166.31 

58 

824.95 

83 

1  1  80  54 

59 

839  18 

84 

1194  76 

60 

853-40 

85 

1208.98 

61 

867.62 

86 

1223.21 

62 

881.85 

87 

1237.43 

63 

896.07 

88 

1251.65 

64 

910  29 

89 

1265.88 

65 

924.52 

90 

1280.10 

66 

938.74 

91 

1294.32 

67 

952.96 

92 

1308  55 

68 

967.19 

93 

1322.77 

69 

981.41 

94 

1336  99 

70 

995-63 

95 

1351.22 

7i 

1009  86 

96 

1365-44 

72 

1024.08 

97 

1379.66 

73 

1038.30 

98 

1393  89 

74 

1052.53 

99 

1408.11 

75 

1066.75 

IOO 

1422.34 

THE   METRIC    SYSTEM. 


POUNDS  PER  SQUARE  INCH  TO  KILOGRAMS 
PER  SQUARE  CENTIMETER. 


Pounds 
per  Square 
Inch. 

Kilograms 
per  Square 
Centimeter. 

Pounds 
per  Square 
Inch. 

Kilograms 
per  Square 
Centimeter. 

I 
2 

0.0703 
0.1406 

26 

27 

I  8280 
1.8983 

3 

4 

0.2IOQ 
0.2812 

28 
29 

1.9686 
2.0389 

5 

0.3515 

30 

2.1092 

6 

7 

0.4218 
0.4921 

31 

32 

2.1795 
2.2498 

8 
9 

0.5625 
0.6328 

33 
34 

2.3201 
2.3904 

10 

0.7031 

35 

2.4607 

ii 

12 

0-7734 
0-8437 

36 

37 

2-53" 
2.6014 

13 

14 

o  9140 

0.9843 

38 
39 

2.6717 
2.7420 

15 

1.0546 

40 

2.8123 

16 
'7 

I.I249 
I.I952 

4i 
42 

2.8826 
2.9529 

18 
19 

1.2655 

1.3358 

43 
44 

3.0232 
3-0935 

20 

I.406I 

45 

3-1638 

21 
22 

1.4764 

1.5468 

46 
47 

3-2341 
3-3044 

23 

24 

I.6I7I 
1.6874 

48 
49 

3-3747 
3  4450 

25 

1-7577 

50 

3-5154 

MISCELLANEOUS    TABLES. 


155 


POUNDS  PER  SQUARE  INCH  TO  KILOGRAMS 
PER  SQUARE  CENTIMETER. 


Pounds 
per  Square 
Inch. 

Kilograms 
per  Square 
Centimeter 

Pounds 
per  Square 
Inch. 

Kilograms 
per  Square 
Centimeter. 

51 
52 

3.5857 
3-6560 

76 

77 

5-3433 
5.4I36 

53 

54 

3.7263 
3.7966 

78 
79 

5.4839 

5-5543 

55 

3.8669 

80 

5.6246 

56 
57 

3-9372 
4-0075 

81 
82 

5.6949 
5.7652 

58 
59 

4.0778 
4.1481 

83 
84 

5.8355 
5.9058 

60 

4.2184 

85 

5.9761 

61 

62 

4.2887 
4.3590 

86 
87 

6.0464 
6.  1167 

63 
64 

4.4293 
4  4996 

88 
89 

6.1870 
6.2573 

65 

45700 

90 

6.3276 

66 
67 

4.6403 
4.7106 

9i 
92 

6.3979 
6.4682 

68 
69 

4.7809 

4-8512 

93 

94 

6.5386 
6.6089 

70 

4-9215 

95 

6  6792 

71 
72 

4.9918 
5.0621 

96 
97 

6-7495 
6.8198 

73 

74 

5-1324 
5-2027 

98 
99 

6.8901 
6.9604 

75 

5.2730 

too 

7.0307 

THE    METRIC    SYSTEM. 


KILOGRAM=METERS  TO  FOOT=POUNDS. 


Kilogram- 
Meters. 

Foot-Pounds. 

Kilogram- 
Meters. 

Foot-Pounds. 

I 

7  233 

26 

188.058 

2 

14.466 

27 

195.291 

3 

21.699 

28 

202.524 

4 

28.932 

29 

209.757 

5 

36  165 

30 

216.990 

6 

43.393 

31 

224.223 

7 

50.631 

32 

23L456 

8 

57-864 

33 

238.689 

9 

65.097 

34 

245.922 

10 

72.330 

35 

253.155 

ii 

79-563 

36 

260  388 

12 

86  796 

37 

267.621 

13 

94.029 

38 

274.854 

14 

101.262 

39 

282.087 

15 

108.495 

40 

289.320 

16 

115-728 

4i 

296.553 

17 

122.961                42 

303.786 

18 

130.194              43 

311.019 

19 

137-427 

44 

318.252 

20 

144.660 

45 

325-485 

21 

151-893 

46 

332.718 

22 

159.126 

47 

339-951 

23 

166.359 

48 

347.184 

24 

I73.592 

49 

354-417 

25 

180.825 

50 

361.650 

MISCELLANEOUS    TABLES. 


157 


KILOGRAM=METERS  TO  FOOT-POUNDS. 


Kilogram- 
Meters. 

Foot-Pounds. 

Kilogram- 
Meters. 

Foot-Pounds. 

51 

368.883 

76 

549.709 

52 

376.116 

77 

556.942 

53 

383.349 

78 

564.175 

54 

390-582 

79 

571-408. 

55 

397.815 

80 

578.641 

56 

405.048 

81 

585.874 

57 

412.281 

82 

593.107 

58 

4T9.5I4 

83 

600.340 

59 

426.747 

84 

607.573 

60 

433.98o 

85 

614.806 

61 

441,213 

86 

622.039. 

62 

448.446 

87 

629.272 

63 

455.679 

88 

636.505 

64 

462.912 

89 

643.738 

65 

470.145 

90 

650.971 

66 

477-378 

91 

658.204 

67 

484.611 

92 

665.437 

68 

491.844 

93 

672.670 

69 

499.077 

94 

679.903 

70 

506.310 

95 

687.136 

7i 

513.543 

96 

694.369 

72 

520.777 

97 

701.602 

73 

528.010 

98 

708.835 

74 

535  243 

99 

716.068 

75 

542.476 

100 

723.301 

'58 


THE    METRIC    SYSTEM. 


FOOT=POUNDS  TO  KILOGRAM=METERS. 


Foot- 
Pounds. 

Kilogram- 
Meters. 

Foot- 
Pounds. 

Kilogram- 
Meters. 

I 
2 

0.13826 
0.27651 

26 
27 

3.59463 
3  73289 

3 

4 

0.41477 
0.55302 

28 
29 

3.87114 
4.00940 

5 

0.69128 

30 

4.I4765 

6 

7 

o  82953 
o  96778 

31 
32 

4.28591 
4.42416 

8 
9 

I.  10604 

1.24429 

33 
34 

4-56242 
4.70067 

10 

1.38255 

35 

4.83893 

XI 
12 

1.52081 
1.65906 

36 
37 

4.97728 
5-1*544 

13 
14 

1.79732 

i  93557 

38 
39 

5-25369 
5.39195 

15 

2  07383 

40 

5-53020 

16 

17 

2.21208 
2  35034 

4i 
42 

5.66846 
5  80671 

18 
19 

2.48859 
2.62685 

43 
44 

5  94497 
6  08322 

20 

2.76510 

45 

6.22148 

21 
22 

2.90336 
3  04161 

46 

47 

6-35973 
6.49799 

23 

24 

3.17987 
3-31812 

48 
49 

6.63624 
6.77450 

25 

3.45638 

50 

6.91276 

MISCELLANEOUS    TABLES. 


FOOT-POUNDS  TO  KILOQRAM=METERS. 


Foot- 
Pounds. 

Kilogram- 
Meters. 

Foot- 
Pounds. 

Kilogram- 
Meters. 

51 

7.05IOI 

76 

10.50739 

52 

7.18927 

77 

10.64564 

53 

7.32752 

78 

10.78390 

54 

7.46578 

79 

10.92215 

55 

7-60403 

80 

11.06041 

56 

7.74229     ' 

81 

11.19866 

57 

7.88054 

82 

11.33692 

58 

8.01880 

83 

H.475I7 

59 

8.15705 

84 

11.61343 

60 

8.29531 

85 

11.75168 

61 

8.43356 

86 

11.88994 

62 

8.57182 

87 

12.02819 

63 

8.71007 

88 

12.16645 

64 

8.84833 

89 

12.30470 

65 

8.98658 

90 

12.44296 

66 

9.12484 

91 

12.58121 

67 

9.26309 

92 

12.71947 

68 

9.40135 

93 

12.85772 

69 

9.53960 

94 

12.99598 

70 

9.67786 

95 

13.13423 

71 

9.81611 

96 

13.27249 

72 

9-95437 

97 

13.41074 

73 

10.09262 

98 

13.54900 

74 

10.23088 

99 

13-68725 

75 

10.36913 

100 

13-82551 

i6o 


THE    METRIC    SYSTEM. 


CALORIES  TO  BRITISH  HEAT  UNITS. 


Calories. 

British 
Heat  Units. 

Calories. 

British 
Heat  Units. 

I 
2 

3-97 
7-94 

26 

27 

103.18 
107.14 

3 

4 

11.90 

15-87 

28 

29 

III.  II 
115.08 

5 

19.84 

30 

H9.05 

6 

7 

23-81 
27.78 

31 
32 

123.02 

126.99 

8 
9 

31-75 
35-71 

33 
34 

130.95 
134.92 

10 

39-68 

35 

138.89 

ii 

12 

43.65 
47.62 

36 
37 

142.86 
146.83 

13 

14 

5L59 
55.56 

38 
39 

I50.8o 
154.76 

15 

59-52 

40 

158.73 

16 
17 

63-49 
67.46 

4i 
42 

162.70 
166.67 

18 
19 

71-43 
75-40 

43 

44 

170.64 
174.61 

20 

79-37 

45 

178.57 

21 
22 

83.33 
87-30 

46 

47 

182.54 
186.51 

23 

24 

91.27 
95  24 

48 

49 

190.48 
194-45 

25 

9921 

50 

198.42 

MISCELLANEOUS   TABLES. 


161 


CALORIES  TO  BRITISH  HEAT  UNITS. 


Calories. 

British 
Heat  Units. 

Calories. 

British 
Heat  Units. 

51 

202.38 

76 

301.59 

52 

206.35 

/ 

77 

305.56 

53 

2to.32 

78 

309.53 

54 

214.29 

79 

3I3.£0 

55 

218.26 

80 

317.47 

56 

222.23 

81 

321.43 

57 

226.19 

82 

325.40 

58 

230.16 

83 

329.37 

59 

234.13 

84 

333-34 

60 

238.10 

85 

337-31 

61 

242.07 

86 

34L28 

62 

246.04 

87 

345.24 

63 

250.00 

88 

349-21 

64 

253-97 

89 

353-18 

65 

257-94 

90 

357-15 

66 

261.91 

91 

361.12 

67 

265.88 

92 

365-09 

68 

•      269.85 

93 

36905 

69 

273-81 

94 

373-02 

70 

277.78 

95 

376.99 

71 

281.75 

96 

380.96 

72 

285.72 

97 

384.93 

73 

289.69 

98 

388.90 

74 

293.66 

99 

392.86 

75 

297.62 

100 

396.83 

162 


THE    METRIC    SYSTEM. 


BRITISH  HEAT  UNITS  TO  CALORIES. 


British 
Heat  Units. 

Calories. 

British 
Heat  Units. 

Calories. 

I 

0.252 

26 

6.552 

2 

0.504 

27 

6.804 

3 

0.756 

28 

7.056 

4 

1.008 

29 

7.308 

5 

1.260 

30 

7.560 

6 

I.5I2 

31 

7.812 

7 

1.764 

32 

8.064 

8 

2.016 

33 

8.316 

9 

2.268 

34 

8.568 

10 

2.520 

35 

8.820 

ii 

2.772 

36 

9.072 

12 

3.024 

37 

9.324 

13 

3  276 

38 

9-576 

14 

3-528 

39 

9.828 

15 

3.780 

40 

10.080 

16 

4.032 

4i 

10.332 

17 

4.284 

42 

10.584 

18 

4-536 

43 

.      10.836 

19 

4.788 

44 

11.088 

20 

5-040 

45 

11.340 

21 

5-292 

46 

11.592 

22 

5-544 

47 

11.844 

23 

5.796 

48 

12.096 

24 

6.048 

49 

12.348 

25 

6.300 

50 

12.600 

MISCELLANEOUS   TABLES. 


163 


BRITISH  HEAT  UNITS  TO  CALORIES. 


British 
Heat  Units, 

Calories. 

British 
Heat  Units. 

Calories. 

51 

12.852 

76 

19-152 

52 

13-104 

77 

19.404 

53 

13.356 

78 

19.656 

54 

13.608 

79 

19.908 

55 

13.860 

80 

20.160 

56 

14.112 

81 

20.412 

57 

14.364 

82 

20.664 

58 
59 

14.616 
14.868 

83 
84 

20.916 
21.168 

60 

15.120 

85 

21.420 

61 

15.372 

86 

21.672 

62 

15-624 

21.924 

63 

15-876 

*88 

22.176 

64 

16.128 

89 

22.428 

65 

16.380 

90 

22.680 

66 

16.632 

91 

22.932 

67 

16.884 

92 

23-184 

68 

17.136 

93 

23.436 

69 

17.388 

94 

23.688 

70 

17.640 

95 

23.940 

71 

17.892 

96 

24.192 

72 

18.144 

97 

24.444 

73 

18.396 

98 

24.696 

74 

18.648 

99 

24.948 

75 

18.900 

zoo 

25.200 

164 


THE    METRIC    SYSTEM. 


CALORIES  TO  FOOT  POUNDS. 


Calories. 

Foot  Pounds. 

Calories. 

Foot  Pounds. 

I 

2 

3,091. 
6,183. 

26 

27 

80,375. 
83,467. 

3 

4 

9.274- 
12,365- 

28 
29 

86,558. 
89,649. 

5 

15,457- 

30 

92,741. 

6 

7 

18,548. 
21,640. 

31 
32 

95.832. 
98,924. 

8 
9 

24,731. 
27,822. 

33 
34 

102,015. 
105,106. 

10 

30,914. 

35 

108,198. 

ii 

12 

34,005. 
37,096^ 

36 
37 

111,289. 
114,380. 

13 

14 

40,188. 
43,279- 

38 
39 

117,472. 
120,563. 

15 

46,370. 

40 

123,654. 

16 
17 

49,462. 

52,553. 

4i 
42 

126,746. 
129,837. 

18 
19 

55,644. 
53,736. 

43 
44 

132,928. 
136,020. 

20 

61,827. 

45 

139,111. 

21 
22 

64,919. 
68,010. 

46 

47 

142,203. 
145,294. 

23 

24 

71,101. 

74,193- 

48 
49 

148,385. 
151,477. 

25 

77,284. 

50 

154,568. 

MISCELLANEOUS   TABLES. 


CALORIES  TO  FOOT-POUNDS. 


Calories. 

Foot-Pounds. 

Calories. 

Foot-Pounds. 

51 

157,659. 

76 

234,943. 

52 

160,751. 

77 

238,035. 

53 

163,842. 

78 

241,126. 

54 

166,933. 

79 

244,217. 

55 

170,025. 

80 

247,309. 

56 

173,116. 

81 

250,400. 

57 

176,208. 

82 

253,492. 

58 

179,299. 

83 

256,583. 

59 

182,390. 

84 

259,674. 

60 

185,482. 

85 

262,766. 

61 

188,573. 

86 

265,857. 

62 

191,664. 

87 

268,948. 

63 

194,756. 

88 

272,040. 

64 

197,847. 

89  ^ 

275,131. 

65 

200,938. 

90  * 

278,222. 

66 

204,030. 

91 

281,314. 

67 

207,121. 

92 

284,405. 

68 

2IO.2I2. 

93 

287,496. 

69 

213,304. 

94 

290,588. 

70 

2l6,395. 

95 

293,679. 

7i 

219,487. 

96 

296,771. 

72 

222  578. 

97 

299,862. 

73 

74 

225,669. 
228,761. 

98 
99 

302,953. 
306,045. 

75 

231,852. 

[00 

309,136. 

i66 


THE    METRIC    SYSTEM. 


FOOT-POUNDS  TO  CALORIES. 


Foot- 
Pounds. 

Calories. 

Foot- 
:  Pounds. 

Calories. 

I 

.000  323 

26 

.008  410 

2 

.000  647 

27 

.008  734 

3 

.000  970 

28 

.009  057 

4 

.ool  294 

29 

.009  381 

5 

.001  617 

30 

.009  704 

6 

.001  941 

31 

.010  028 

7 

.002  264 

32 

.010  351 

8 

.002  588 

33 

.010  675 

9 

.002  911 

34 

.010  998 

10 

.003  235 

35 

.on  322 

ii 

.003  558 

36 

.on  645 

12 

.003  882 

37 

.on  969 

J3 

.004  205 

38 

.012  292 

14 

.OO4  529 

39 

.012  616 

15 

.004  852 

40 

.012  939 

16 

.005  176 

4i 

.013  263 

17 

.005  499 

42 

.013  586 

18 

.005  823 

43 

.013  910 

19 

.006  146 

44 

.014  233 

20 

.006  470 

45 

•  014557 

21 

.006  793 

46 

.014  880 

22 

.007  117 

47 

.015  204 

23 

.007  440 

48 

.015  527 

24 

.007  764 

49 

.015  851 

25 

.008  087 

50 

.016  174 

MISCELLANEOUS   TABLES. 


I67 


FOOT=POUNDS  TO  CALORIES. 


Foot- 
Pounds. 

Calories. 

Foot- 
Pounds. 

Calories. 

51 

.016  497 

76 

.024  584 

%J 

52 

.016  821 

77 

.024  908 

53 

.017  144 

78 

.025  231 

54 

.017  468 

79 

•025  555 

55 

.017  791 

80 

.025  878 

56 

.018  115 

8z 

.026  202 

*J 

57 

.018  438 

82 

.026  525 

58 

.018  762 

83 

.026  849 

59 

.019  085 

84 

.027  172 

60 

.019  409 

85 

.027  496 

61 

.019  732 

86 

.027  819 

62 

.020  056 

87 

.028  143 

63 

.020  379 

88 

.028  466 

64 

.020  703 

89 

.028  790 

65 

.021  026 

90 

.029  IT3 

66 

.021  350 

9i 

.029  437 

67 

.021  673 

92 

.029  760 

68 

.021  997 

93 

.030  084 

69 

.022  320 

94 

.030  407 

70 

.022  644 

95 

.030  731 

7i 

.022  967 

96 

.031  054 

72 

.023  291 

97 

.031  378 

73 

.023  614 

98 

.031  701 

74 

.023  938 

99 

.032  025 

75 

.024  26l 

100 

.032  348 

i68 


THE   METRIC    SYSTEM. 


FORCES  DE  CHEVAUX  TO  HORSE=POWER. 


Forces  de 
Chevaux. 

Horse-power. 

Forces  de 
Chevaux. 

Horse-power. 

I 
2 

O.g86 
1-973 

26 
27 

25-644 
26.631 

3 

4 

2-959 
3-945 

28 
29 

27.617 

28.603 

5 

4.932 

30 

29.590 

6 

7 

5.918 
6.904 

31 
32 

30.576 
31  562 

8 
9 

7.891 
8.877 

33 
34 

32.549 

33-535 

10 

9863              35 

34-521 

ii 

12 

10.850 
11.836 

36 
37 

35.508 
36.494 

13 

14 

12.822 
13  808 

38 
39 

37.480 
38.466 

15 

14-795 

40 

39-453 

16 
17 

15.781 
16.767 

4i 
42 

40.439 

41-425 

18 
19 

17-754 
18.740 

43 
44 

42.412 
43.398 

20 

19.726 

45 

44.384 

21 
22 

20.713 
21.699 

46 
47 

45.371 
46.357 

23 

24 

22.685 
23.672 

48 
49 

47-343 
48.330 

25 

24.658 

50 

49.316 

MISCELLANEOUS  TABLES. 


169 


FORCES  DE  CHEVAUX  TO  HORSE=POWER. 


Forces  de 
Chevaux. 

Horse-power. 

Forces  de 
Chevaux. 

Horse-power. 

51 

50.302 

76 

74-960 

52 

51.289 

77 

75-947 

53 

52.275 

78 

76.933 

54 

53.261 

79 

77.919 

55 

54.248 

80 

78.906 

56 

55-234 

81 

79.892 

57 

56.220 

82 

80.878 

58 

57-207 

83 

81.865 

59 

58.193 

84 

82.851 

60 

59-179 

85 

83-837 

61 

60.166 

86 

84.824 

62 

61.152 

87 

85.810 

63 

62.138 

88 

86.796 

64 

63.124 

89 

87.782 

65 

64.111 

90 

88.769 

66 

65.097 

91 

89-755 

67 

66.083 

92 

90.  741 

68 

67.070 

93 

91.728 

69 

68.056 

94 

92.714 

70 

69.042 

95 

93-700 

71 

70.029 

96 

194.687 

72 

71.015 

97 

95  673 

73 

72.001 

98 

96.659 

74 

72.988 

99 

97.646 

75 

73-974 

IOO 

98.632 

170 


THE    METRIC    SYSTEM. 


HORSE=POWER  TO  FORCES  DE  CHEVAUX. 


Horse- 
power. 

Forces  de 
Chevaux. 

Horse- 
power. 

Forces  de 
Chevaux. 

I 

I.OI4 

26 

26.361 

2 

2.028 

27 

27.374 

3 

3.042 

28 

28.388 

4 

4-055 

29 

29  402 

5 

5.069 

30 

30.416 

6 

6.083 

31 

3I-430 

7 

7.097 

32 

32.444 

8 

8.HI               33 

33458 

9 

9-125               34 

34-472 

10 

10.139 

35 

35.485 

ii 

H.I53 

36 

36.499 

12 

12.166 

37 

37.513 

13 

13.180 

38 

38.527 

14 

14.194 

39 

39  54i 

15 

15.208 

40 

40.555 

16 

16.222 

41 

41.569 

17 

17-236 

42 

42.583 

18 

18.250 

43 

43.596 

19 

19.264 

44 

44.610 

20 

20.277 

45 

45-624 

21 

21.291 

46 

46.638 

22 

22.305 

47 

47-652 

23 

23.319 

48 

48.666 

24 

24333 

49 

49.680 

25 

25.347 

50 

50.694 

MISCELLANEOUS    TABLES. 


171 


HORSE=POWER  TO  FORCES  DE  CHEVAUX. 


Horse- 
Power. 

Forces  de 
Chevaux. 

Horse- 
Power. 

Forces  de 
Chevaux. 

51 

5L707 

76 

77-054 

52 

52.721 

77 

78.068 

53 

53-735 

78 

79.082 

54 

54-749 

79 

80.096 

55 

55.763 

80 

8i.no 

56 

56.777 

81 

82.123 

57 

57-791 

82 

83.137 

58 

58.804 

83 

84.151 

59 

59-818 

84 

85.165 

60 

60.832 

85 

86.179 

61 

61.846 

86 

87.193 

62 

62.860 

87 

88.207 

63 

63.874 

88 

89.221 

64 

64.888 

89 

90.234 

65 

65.902 

90 

91.248 

66 

66.915 

9i 

92.262 

67 

67.929 

92 

93-276 

68 

68.943 

93 

94.290 

69 

69-957 

94 

95.304 

70 

70.971 

95 

96.318 

7i 

71-985 

96 

97-332 

72 

72-999 

97 

98.345 

73 

74-013 

98 

99-359 

74 

75.026 

99 

100.373 

75 

76.040 

100 

101.387 

172 


THE    METRIC    SYSTEM. 


GRAMMES  IN  A  CUBIC  CENTIMETER  TO 
OUNCES  IN  A  CUBIC  INCH. 


Grammes 
in  a  Cubic 
Centimeter. 

Ounces  in  a     i   r*ramme.s 
Cubic  Inch.     !   ma  Cubic 
Centimeter. 

Ounces  in  a 
Cubic  Inch. 

I 
2 

0.578 
1.156 

26 
27 

15-029 
15-607 

3 

4 

1-734 
2.312 

28 
29 

16.185 
16.763 

5 

2.890 

30 

I7-34I 

6 

7 

3468 
4.046 

3i 
32 

77.919 
18.497 

8 
9 

4.624 

5  202 

33 
34 

I9-075 
19  653 

10 

5.780              35 

20.231 

ii 

12 

6.358          36 

6.936              37 

20.809 
21.387 

13 

14 

7.515              38 
8.093               39 

21.966 
22.544 

15 

8.671 

40 

23.122 

16 

17 

9.249              41 
9-827               42 

23.700 
24.278 

18 
19 

10.405 
10.983 

43 
44 

24-856 
25.434 

20 

11.561 

45 

26.012 

21 
22 

23 

24 

12.139 
12.717 

13-295 
13-873' 

46 

47 
48 
49 

26.590 
27.168 

27  746 
28.324 

25 

14-451               50 

28.902 

MISCELLANEOUS    TABLES. 


173 


GRAMMES  IN  A  CUBIC  CENTIMETER  TO 
OUNCES  IN  A  CUBIC  INCH. 


Grammes 
in  a  Cubic 
Centimeter. 

Ounces  in  a 
Cubic  Inch. 

Grammes 
in  a  Cubic 
Centimeter. 

Ounces  in  a 
Cubic  Inch. 

51 
52 

29.480 
30.058 

76 

77 

43-931 
44.509 

53 

54 

30.636 
3L2I4 

78 
79 

45.087 
45.665 

55 

31.792 

80 

46.243 

56 

57 

32  370 
32.948 

81 
82 

46.821 
47-399 

58 
59 

33.526 
34-104 

83 
84 

47-977 

48.555 

60 

34.682 

85 

49-133 

6z 

62 

35.260 

35.838 

86 
87 

49.711 
50.289 

63 
64 

36.417 
36.995 

88 
89 

50.868 
51.446 

65 

37-573 

90 

52.024 

66 
67 

38.151 
38.729 

9i 
92 

52.602 
53.i8o 

68 
69 

39.307 

39.885 

93 
94 

53.758 
54.336 

70 

40.463 

95 

54.9U 

71 
72 

41.041 
41.619 

96 
97 

55.492 
56.070 

73 

74 

42.197 

42-775 

98 
99 

56648 
57-226 

75 

43-353 

100 

57.804 

174 


THE    METRIC    SYSTEM. 


OUNCES  IN  A  CUBIC  INCH  TO  GRAMMES 
IN  A  CUBIC  CENTIMETER. 


Ounces  in  a 
Cubic  Inch. 

Grammes 
in  a  Cubic 
Centimeter. 

Ounces  in  a 
Cubic  Inch. 

Grammes 
in  a  Cubic 
Centimeter. 

I 

1.730 

26 

44.980 

2 

3.460 

27 

46.710 

3 

5.IQO 

28 

48.440 

4 

6.920 

29 

50.1/0 

5 

8.650 

30 

5L900 

6 

10.380 

31 

53.630 

7 

12.  IIO 

32 

55-360 

8 

13-840 

33 

57.090 

9    . 

15.570 

34 

58.820 

10 

17-300 

35 

60.550 

ii 

19.030          I            36 

62.280 

12 

20.760 

37 

64.010 

13 

22.490 

38 

65.740 

14 

24.220 

39 

67.470 

15 

25.950 

40 

69.200 

16 

27.680 

41 

70.930 

17 

29.410 

42 

72.660 

18 

3LI40 

43 

74-39° 

19 

32.870 

44 

76.120 

20 

34-600 

45 

77.850      . 

21 

36.330 

46 

79.580 

22 

38.060 

47 

81.310 

23 

39.790 

48 

83.040 

24 

4L520 

49 

84.770 

25 

43.250 

50 

86.500 

MISCELLANEOUS    TABLES. 


175 


OUNCES  IN  A  CUBIC  INCH  TO  GRAMMES 
IN  A  CUBIC  CENTIMETER. 


Ounces 
in  a  Cubic 
Inch. 

Grammes 
in  a  Cubic 
Centimeter. 

Ounces 
in  a  Cubic 
Inch. 

Grammes 
in  a  Cubic 
Centimeter. 

51 

88.229 

76 

I3L479 

52 

89959 

77 

133.209 

53 

91.689 

78 

134939 

54 

93.419 

79 

136.669 

55 

95-149 

80 

138.399 

56 

96.879 

81 

140.129 

57 

98.609 

82 

141.859 

58 

100.339 

83 

143.589 

59 

102.069 

84 

145.319 

60 

103.799 

85 

147.049 

61 

105.529 

86 

148.779 

62 

107.259 

87 

150.509 

63 

108.989 

88 

152.239 

64 

110.719 

89 

153.969 

65 

112.449 

90 

155.699 

66 

114.179 

9i 

157.429 

67 

115.909 

92 

r59-I59 

68 

117.639 

93 

160.889 

69 

II9-369 

94 

162.619 

70 

121.099 

95 

164.349 

7i 

122.829 

96 

166.079 

72 

124.559 

97 

167.809 

73 

126.289 

98 

169.539 

74 

128.019 

99 

171.269 

75 

129.749 

100 

172.999 

i76 


THE   METRIC    SYSTEM. 


KILOGRAMS  IN  A  CUBIC  METER  TO 
POUNDS  IN  A  CUBIC  FOOT. 


Kilograms 
in  a  Cubic 
Meter. 

Pounds  in  a        Kilograms 
Cubic  Foot.        m  a  Cubic 
Meter. 

Pounds  in  a 
Cubic  Foot. 

I 

0.0624 

26 

1.6231 

2 

0.1249 

27 

1.6856 

3 

0.1873 

28 

1.7480 

4 

0.2497 

29 

1.8104 

5 

0.3I2I 

30 

1.8728 

6 

0.3746 

31 

1-9353 

7 

0.4370 

32 

1.9977 

8 

0.4994 

33 

2.0601 

9 

0.5619 

34 

2.1226 

10 

0.6243 

35 

2.1850 

ii 

0.6867 

36 

2.2474 

12 

0.7491 

37 

2.3098 

13 

0.8116 

38 

2.3723 

14 

o.  8740 

39 

2-4347 

15 

0.9364 

40 

2.4971 

16 

0.9988 

4i 

2.5595 

17 

1.0613 

42 

2.6220 

18 

1.1237 

43 

2.6844 

19 

1.1861 

44 

2.7468 

20 

1.2486 

45 

2.8093 

21 

1.3110 

46 

2.8717 

22 

1-3734 

47 

2  9341 

23 

1.4358 

48 

2.9965 

24 

1.4983 

49 

3.0590 

25 

I  5607 

50 

3.I2I4 

MISCELLANEOUS   TABLES. 


177 


KILOGRAMS  IN  A  CUBIC  METER  TO 
POUNDS  IN  A  CUBIC  FOOT. 


Kilograms 
in  a  Cubic 
Meter. 

Pounds  in  a 
Cubic  Foot. 

Kilograms 
in  a  Cubic 
Meter. 

Pounds  in  a 
Cubic  Foot. 

51 

3.1838 

76 

4-7445 

52 

3-2463 

77 

4.8070 

53 

3.3087 

78 

4.8694 

54 

3-37II 

79 

4.9318 

55 

3-4335 

80 

4-9942 

56 

3.4960 

81 

5-0567 

57 

3.5584 

82 

5.1191 

58 

3.6208 

83 

5.I8I5 

59 

3-6833 

84 

5.2440 

60 

3-7457 

85 

5-3064 

61 

3.8081 

86 

5.3688 

62 

3-8705 

87 

5.4312 

63 

3-9330 

88 

5-4937 

64 

3-9954 

89 

5.5561 

65 

4.0578 

90 

5-6185 

66 

4.1202 

9i 

5.6809 

67 

4.1827 

92 

5-7434 

68 

4.2451 

93 

5-8058 

69 

4.3075 

94 

5.8682 

70 

4.3700 

95 

5.9307 

71 

4.4324 

96 

5-9931 

72 

4.4948 

97 

6.0555 

73 

4-5572 

98 

6.1179 

74 

4-6197 

99 

6.1804 

75 

4.6821 

100 

6.2428 

I78 


THE    METRIC    SYSTEM. 


POUNDS  IN  A  CUBIC   FOOT  TO  KILOGRAMS 
IN  A  CUBIC  METER. 


Pounds 
in  a  Cubic 
Foot. 

Kilograms 
in  a  Cubic 
Meter. 

Pounds 
in  a  Cubic 
Foot. 

Kilograms 
in  a  Cubic 
Meter. 

I 

16.02 

26 

416.48 

2 

32.04 

27 

432.50 

3 

48.06 

28 

448.52 

4 

64.07 

29 

464.54 

5 

80.09 

30 

480.  56 

6 

96.11 

31 

496.57 

7 

H2.I3 

32 

512-59 

8 

128.15 

33 

528.61 

9 

144.17 

34 

544.63 

10 

160.18 

35 

560.65 

ii 

176.20 

36 

576.67 

12 

192.22 

37 

592.68 

13 

208.24 

38 

608.70 

14 

224.26 

39 

624.72 

15 

240.28 

40 

640.74 

16 

256.30 

4i 

656.76 

17 

272.31 

42 

672.78 

18 

288.33 

43 

688.80 

19 

304.35 

44 

704.81 

20 

320.37 

45 

720.83 

21 

336.39 

46 

736.85 

22 

352.41 

47 

752.87 

23 

368.43 

48 

768.89 

24 

384-44 

49 

784.91 

25 

400.46 

50 

800.92 

MISCELLANEOUS    TABLES. 


179 


POUNDS  IN  A  CUBIC  FOOT  TO   KILOGRAMS 
IN  A  CUBIC  METER. 


Pounds 
in  a  Cubic 
Foot. 

Kilograms 
in  a  Cubic 
Meter. 

Pounds 
in  a  Cubic 
Foot. 

Kilograms 
in  a  Cubic 
Meter. 

51 

816.94 

76 

1217.41 

52 

832.96 

77 

1233.42 

53 

848.98 

78 

1249.44 

54 

865.00 

79 

1265.46 

55 

881.02 

80 

1281.48 

56 

897.04 

81 

1297.50 

57 

913.05 

82 

1313.52 

58 

929.07 

83 

1329.54 

59 

945.09 

84 

1345.55 

60 

961.11 

85 

I36I.57 

61 

977-13 

86 

1377.59 

62 

993-15 

87 

1393.61 

63 

1009.17 

88 

1409.63 

64 

1025.18 

89 

1425-65 

65 

1041.20 

90 

1441.66 

66 

1057.22 

91 

1457-68 

67 

1073.24 

92 

1473.70 

68 

1089.26 

93 

1489.72 

69 

1105.28 

94 

1505.74 

70 

1121.30 

95 

1521.76 

?i 

H37.3I 

96 

1537.78 

72 

1153-33 

97 

1553-79 

73 

1169.35 

98 

1569.81 

74 

H85.37 

99 

1585.83 

75 

I2OI.39 

xoo 

1601.85 

i8o 


THE    METRIC    SYSTEM. 


MILLIERS  IN  A  CUBIC  METER  TO  SHORT 
TONS  IN  A  CUBIC  YARD. 


Milliers 
in  a  Cubic 
Meter. 

Short  Tons 
in  a 
Cubic  Yard. 

Milliers 
in  a  Cubic 
Meter. 

Short  Tons 
in  a 
Cubic  Yard 

I 
2 

0.843 
1.686 

26 
27 

21.912 
22.755 

3 

4 

2.528 
3-371 

28 
29 

23.598 
24.441 

5 

4  214                 30 

25283 

6 

7 

5-057 
5.899 

31 
32 

26.126 
26.969 

8 
9 

6.742 

7,585 

33 

34 

27.812 
28.654 

10 

8.428 

35 

29.497 

ii 

12 

9.271 
10.113 

36 

37 

30  340 
31-183 

13 

14 

10.956 
n.799 

38 
39 

32.026 

32.868 

15 

12.642 

40 

33-711 

16 
*7 

13.484 
14-327 

4i 
42 

34-554 
35-397 

18 
19 

15.170 
16.013 

43 
44 

36  239 
37-082 

20 

16.856 

45 

37.925 

21 
22 

17.698 
18.541 

46 

47 

38.768 
39611 

23 

24 

19-384 
20.227 

48 
49 

40-453 
41.296 

25 

21.069 

50 

42.139 

MISCELLANEOUS   TABLES. 


181 


MILLIERS  IN  A  CUBIC  METER  TO  SHORT 
TONS  IN  A  CUBIC  YARD. 


Milliers 
in  a  Cubic 
Meter. 

Short  Tons 
in  a 
Cubic  Yard. 

Milliers 
in  a  Cubic 
Meter. 

Short  Tons 
in  a 
Cubic  Yard. 

51 

42.982 

76 

64.051 

52 

43.824 

77 

64.894 

53 

44.667 

78 

65.737 

54 

45-Sio 

79 

66.579 

55 

46353 

80 

67.422 

56 

47.196 

81 

68.265 

57 

48.038 

82 

69.108 

58 

48.881 

83 

69.951 

59 

49.724 

84      - 

70.793 

60 

50.567 

85 

71.636 

61 

51  409 

86 

72.479 

62 

52.252 

87 

73  322 

63 

53.095 

88 

74.164 

64 

53-933 

89 

75-007 

65 

54.78i 

90 

75.850 

66 

55-623 

91 

76.693 

67 

56.466 

92 

77.536 

68 

57  309 

93 

78.378 

69 

58.152 

94 

79.221 

70 

58.994 

95 

80.064 

71 

59-837 

96 

80.907 

72 

60.680 

97 

81.749 

73 

61.523 

98 

82.592 

74 

62.366 

99 

83435 

75 

63  208 

100 

84.278 

182 


THE    METRIC    SYSTEM. 


SHORT   TONS   IN   A   CUBIC   YARD   TO 
MILLIERS  IN  A  CUBIC  METER. 


Short  Tons 
in  a 
Cubic  Yard. 

Milliers 
in  a  Cubic 
Meter. 

Short  Tons 
in  a 

Cubic  Yard 

Milliers 
in  a  Cubic 
Meter. 

I 

1.187 

26 

30-850 

2 

2-373 

27 

32.037 

3 

3.560 

28 

33.223 

4 

4.746 

29 

34.410 

5 

5-933 

30 

35  597 

6 

7.II9 

31 

36.783 

7 

8.306 

32 

37-970 

8 

9.492 

33 

39-  1*56 

9 

10.679 

34 

40.343 

10 

11.866 

35 

41-529 

ii 

13  052 

36 

42  716 

12 

14.239 

37 

43  902 

13 

15-425 

38 

45.089 

14 

16.612 

39 

46.275 

15 

17.798 

40 

47.462 

16 

18.985 

4i 

48  649 

17 

20.171 

42 

49-835 

18 

21.358 

43 

51.022 

19 

22.544 

44 

52.208 

20 

23.731 

45 

53-395 

21 

24.918                46 

54.58i 

22 

26.104 

47 

55.768 

23 

27.291 

48 

56.954 

24 

28.477 

49 

58.141 

25 

29.664 

50 

59-328 

MISCELLANEOUS    TABLES. 


183 


SHORT   TONS   IN   A    CUBIC   YARD    TO 
MILLIERS  IN  A  CUBIC  METER. 


Short  Tons 
in  a  Cubic 
Yard. 

Milliers  in  a 
Cubic  Meter. 

Short  Tons 
in  a  Cubic 
Yard. 

Milliers  in  a 
Cubic  Meter. 

51 

60.514 

76 

90  178 

52 

61.701 

77 

91.364 

53 

62.887 

78 

92.551 

54 

64.074 

79 

93-737 

55 

65.260 

80 

94  924 

56 

66.447 

81 

96.111 

57 

67.633 

82 

97.297 

58 

68.820 

83 

98.484 

59 

70.006 

84 

99.670 

60 

7LI93 

85 

100.857 

61 

72.380 

86 

102.043 

62 

73.566 

87 

103.230 

63 

74-753 

88 

104.416 

64 

75939 

89 

105.603 

65 

77.126 

90 

106.790 

66 

78.312 

91 

107.976 

67 

79-499 

92 

109.163 

68 

80.685 

93 

110.349 

69 

81.872 

94 

in.536 

70 

83.058 

95 

112.722 

71 

84-245 

96 

113-909 

72 

85.432 

97 

H5.095 

73 

86.618 

98 

116  282 

74 

87-805 

99 

117.468 

75 

88.991 

100 

118.655 

184 


THE    METRIC    SYSTEM. 


MILLIGRAMS  IN  A  LITER  TO  GRAINS 
IN  A  U.  S.  GALLON. 


Milligrams 
in  a  Liter. 

Grains  in  a        Milligrams 
U.  S.  Gallon.        in  a  Liter. 

Grains  in  a 
U.  S.  Gallon. 

I 

0.058 

26 

I.5I9 

2 

0.117 

27 

1.578 

3 

0.175 

28 

1.636 

4 

0.234 

29 

1.695 

5 

0.292 

30 

1-753 

6 

0.351 

31 

1.812 

7 

0.409 

32 

1.870 

8 

0.468 

33 

1.929 

9 

0.526 

34 

1.987 

10 

0.584               35 

2.045 

ii 

0.643 

36 

2.104 

12 

0.701 

37 

2.162 

13 

0.760 

38 

2.221 

14 

0.818 

39 

2.279 

15 

0.877 

40 

2.338 

16 

0-935 

4i 

2.396 

17 

0-993 

42 

2-454 

18 

1.052 

43 

2.513 

19 

1.  110 

44 

2.571 

20 

1.169 

45 

2.630 

21 

1.227 

46 

2.688 

22 

1.286 

47 

2.747 

23 

1.344 

48 

2.805 

24 

1.403 

49 

2.864 

25 

1.461 

50 

2.922 

MISCELLANEOUS   TABLES. 


85 


MILLIGRAMS  IN  A  LITER  TO  GRAINS 
IN  A  U.  S.  GALLON. 


Milligrams 
in  a  Liter. 

Grains  in  a 
U.  S.  Gallon. 

Milligrams 
in  a  Liter. 

Grains  in  a 
U.  S.  Gallon. 

51 

2.980 

76 

4.441 

52 

3-039 

77    ' 

4-500 

53 
54 

3-097 
3.156 

78 
79 

4-558 
4.617 

55 

3.214 

80 

4675 

56 

3-273 

81 

4-734 

57 

3-331 

82 

4.792 

58 

3.390 

83 

4.851 

59 

3-448 

84 

4  9°9 

60 

3.506 

85 

4.967 

61 

3.565 

86 

5.026 

62 

3-623 

87 

5.084 

63 

3.682 

88 

5  143 

64 

3-740 

89 

5  201 

65 

3-799 

90 

5.260 

66 

3.857 

91 

5.318 

67 

3.915 

92 

5.376 

68 

3-974 

93 

5-435 

69 

4-032 

94 

5-493 

70 

4.091 

95 

5-552 

71 

4.149 

96 

5.610 

72 

4.208 

97 

5.669 

73 

4.266 

98 

5.727 

74 

4.325 

99 

5.786 

75 

4-383 

IOO 

| 

5.844 

i86 


THE    METRIC    SYSTEM. 


GRAINS  IN  A  U.  S.  GALLON  TO  MILLIGRAMS 
IN  A  LITER. 


Grains  in  a 
U.  S.  Gallon. 

Milligrams 
in  a  Liter. 

Grains  in  a 
U.  S.  Gallon. 

Milligrams 
in  a  Liter. 

I 
2 

I7.I 
-34.2 

26 
27 

444-9 
462.0 

3 

4 

51.3 

68.4 

28 
29 

479-1 
496.2 

5 

85.6 

30 

513.4 

6 

7 

102.7 
119.8 

31 
32 

530.5 
5476 

8 
9 

136.9 
154.0 

33 

34 

564-7 
581.8 

10 

I7I.I 

35 

598.9 

ii 

12 

188.2 
205.3 

36 

37 

616.0 
633.1 

13 

14 

222.5 
239-6 

38 
39 

6503 
667.4 

15 

256.7 

40 

684.5 

16 

17 

273.8 
290.9 

4i 
42 

701.6 
718.7 

18 
19 

308.0 
325.1 

43 

44 

735-8 
752.9 

20 

342.2 

45 

770.0 

21 
22 

359.4 
376.5 

46 
47 

787.2 
804.3 

23 

24 

393  6 
410.7 

48 
49 

821.4 

838.5 

25 

427.8 

50 

855-6 

MISCELLANEOUS   TABLES. 


I87 


GRAINS  IN  A  U.  S.  GALLON  TO  MILLIGRAMS 
IN  A  LITER. 


Grains  in  a 
U.  S.  Gallon. 

Milligrams 
in  a  Liter. 

Grains  in  a 
U.  S.  Gallon. 

Milligrams 
in  a  Liter. 

51 
52 

872.7 
889.8 

76 

77 

1300.5 
I3I7.6 

53 

54 

906.9 
-      924.0 

78 
79 

1334-7 
I35I.8 

55 

941.2 

80 

1369-0 

56 
57 

958.3 
975-4 

81 
82 

1386.1 
1403.2 

58 
59 

992.5 
1009.6 

83 
84 

1420.3 
1437-4 

60      ' 

1026.7 

85 

1454-5 

61 

62 

1043.8 
1060.9 

86 
87 

1471.6 

1488.7 

63 
64 

1078.1 
1095  2 

88 
89 

1505.9 
1523.0 

65 

1112.3 

90 

I540.I 

66 
67 

1129.4 
1146.5 

9i 
92 

1557-2 
1574.3 

68 
69 

1163.6 
1180.7 

93 
94 

I59I-4 
1608.5 

70 

1197.8 

95 

1625.6 

7i 
72 

1215.0 
1232.1 

96 
97 

1642.8 
1659.9 

73 
74 

1249.2 

1266.3 

98' 
99 

1677.0 
1694.1 

75 

12834 

coo 

I71I.2 

1 88  THE    METRIC    SYSTEM. 

COMPARISON  OF  THERMOMETER  SCALES. 


Reading  of 
Centigrade 
Thermometer. 

Reading  of 
Fahrenheit 
Thermometer. 

Reading  Of 
Centigrade 
Tliermometer. 

Reading  of 
Fahrenheit 
Thermometer. 

Reading  of 
Centigrade 
Thermometer. 

Reading  of 
Fahrenheit 
Thermometer. 

—  20° 

-4° 

105° 

221° 

2300 

^446° 

—15 

+  5 

1  10 

230 

240 

464 

—  10 

14 

H5 

239 

250 

482 

—  5 

23 

120 

248 

260 

500 

0 

32 

125 

257 

270 

5i8 

+  5 

4i 

130 

266 

280 

536 

10 

50 

135 

275 

290 

554 

15 

59 

I4O 

284 

300 

572 

20 

68 

145 

293 

310 

590 

25 

77 

150 

302 

32O 

608 

30 

86 

155 

311 

330 

626 

35 

95 

160 

320 

340 

644 

40 

104 

165 

329 

350 

662 

45 

H3 

170 

338 

360 

680 

50 

122 

175 

347 

370 

698 

55 

131 

1  80 

356 

380 

716 

60 

140 

185 

365 

390 

734 

65 

149 

190 

374 

400 

752 

70 

158 

195 

383 

410 

770 

75 

167 

200 

392 

420 

788 

80 

176 

205 

401 

430 

806 

85 

185 

2IO 

410 

440 

824 

90 

194 

215 

419 

450 

842 

95 

203 

220 

428 

460 

860 

100 

212 

225 

437 

470 

878 

COMPARISON  OF  THERMOMETER  SCALES.   189 

AUXILIARY  TABLE. 


Centigrade. 

Fahrenheit. 

Fahrenheit. 

Centigrade. 

0° 

0.0° 

0° 

0.00° 

I 

1.8 

I 

0.56 

2 

3-6 

2 

I.  II 

3 

5-4 

3 

1.67 

4 

7.2 

4 

2.22 

5 

9.0 

5 

2.78 

6 

10.8 

6 

3-33 

7 

12.6 

7 

3-89 

8 

14.4 

8 

4-44 

9 

16.2 

9 

5.00 

10 

18.0 

10 

5-56 

ii 

19.8 

ii 

6.  ii 

12 

21.6 

12 

6.67 

13 

23.4 

13 

7.22 

14 

25.2 

14 

7.78 

15 

27.0 

15 

8-33 

16 

28.8 

16 

8.89 

17 

30.6 

17 

9  44 

18 

32-4 

18 

10.00 

19 

34-2 

19 

10.56 

20 

36.0 

20 

ii.  ii 

CAUTION. —  In  comparing  readings  on  the  -Centigrade 
and  Fahrenheit  thermometer  scales,  use  the  table  on  the 
opposite  page.  The  table  on  this  page  is  only  a  supplement- 
ary one.  Its  use  is  explained  on  page  35. 


19°  THE    METRIC    SYSTEM. 


Comparison 

of 

THERMOMETER 
SCALES. 


c. 

60° 


20C 


IOC 


Fahr. 

IT-      I400 


—       I20C 


iooc 


=-       8oc 


=_      6oc 


COMPARISON    OF    THERMOMETERS.     IQI 

C.                      Fahr.              C.                      Fahr. 

110°   —  1 

t—    230°              160°  —  —  | 

tr-    320° 

- 

E-                                    .= 

E~ 

•  — 

E—      220°                                 ~ 

E—  310° 

— 

E-                                                     - 

=— 

100°  — 

E                    150°  — 

zr-    210° 

E—  300° 

___ 

E~                          _I 

' 



E—      200°                                    I 

E—  290° 

— 

E 

— 

90°__: 

140°  _ 



- 

=—     190°                           '- 

E_  280° 

- 

E                                — 

— 



E~~                           "~Z 

E~ 

— 

E-     180°                            ~ 

E-   27°° 

80°  — 

L             130°  -= 

— 



—                     

= 

— 

~  i7o° 

~    260° 

— 

-                    -  — 

E 

70°  — 

E~    1  60° 

120°    

E—    25°° 

— 

~  — 

— 

_ 

—                                                      

— 

.— 

E-   150°                   _z 

=—   240° 

- 

E"                              - 

^  -1 

6,°  —( 

':=—    140°             no0  —3 

E-   230° 

C. 

2IOC 


200C 


i8oc 


170"   


» 

THE    METRIC 

SYSTEM. 

Fahr. 

c. 

Fahr. 

—      410° 

260°  — 

— 

500° 

=— 

E 

~  — 

E—     400° 

-= 

E- 

490° 

f-      390° 

250°  — 

—  _, 

480° 

|E— 

_ 

zi— 

=-      3800 

— 

E- 

470° 

E- 

240°  _Z 

E- 

EE-   370° 

— 

E— 

460° 

1360° 

- 

it 

450°  ' 

' 

230°-^ 

1 

350° 



1 

440° 

— 

1- 

340° 

220°    — 

L 

430° 

330° 

j 

L 

420° 

E 

=^- 

320° 

210°    

|_ 

410° 

INDEX  TO  TABLES. 


Acres  to  hectares,  78. 

Avoirdupois  ounces  to  grammes,  130. 

pounds  to  kilograms,  134. 
British  gallons  to  liters,  114. 

heat  units  to  calories,  162. 
liquid  quarts  to  liters,  no. 
Bushels,  U.  S.,  to  steres,  122. 
Calories  to  British  heat  units,  160. 

to  foot-pounds,  164. 
Centigrade. — See  Thermometer. 
Centimeters  to  inches,  44. 
Chevaux,  forces  de,  to  horse  power,  168. 
Cubic  centimeters  to  cubic  inches,  80. 

to  U.  S.  fluid  ounces,  96. 
feet  to  cubic  meters,  86. 
inches  to  cubic  centimeters,  82. 
kilometers  to  cubic  miles,  92. 
meters  to  cubic  feet,  84. 

to  cubic  yards,  88. 
miles  to  cubic  kilometers,  94. 
yards  to  cubic  meters,  90. 

Dry. — See  Liters,  Quarts,  Bushels,  and  Steres. 
English.— See  British. 
Fahrenheit. — See  Thermometer. 
Feet  to  meters,  50. 
Fluid  ounces  to  cubic  centimeters,  98. 

(193) 


194  THE    METRIC    SYSTEM. 

Foot-pounds  to  calories,  166. 

to  kilogram-meters,  158. 
Forces  de  chevaux  to  horse  power,  168. 
Gallons,  British,  to  liters,  114. 

U.  S.,  to  liters,  106. 
Grains  to  grammes,  126. 

in  a  U.  S.  gallon  to  milligrams  in  a  liter,  186. 
Grammes  to  grains,  124. 

to  avoirdupois  ounces,  128. 

to  Troy  ounces,  136. 

in  a  cubic  centimeter  to  ounces  in  a  cubic 

inch,  172. 

Heat  units,  British,  to  calories,  162. 
Hectares  to  acres,  76. 
Horse  power  to  forces  de  chevaux,  170. 
Inches  to  centimeters,  46. 
Kilogram-meters  to  foot-pounds,  156. 
Kilograms  to  avoirdupois  pounds,  132. 
to  Troy  pounds,  140. 
in  a  cubic  meter  to  pounds  in  a-  cubic 

foot,  176. 
per    square   centimeter    to  pounds   per 

square  inch,  152. 
per  square  meter  to  pounds  per  square 

foot,  148. 

Kilometers  to  miles,  56. 
Liquid. — See  Quarts,  Gallons,  and  Liters. 
Liters  to  British  gallons,  112. 

to  British  liquid  quarts,  108. 
to  U.  S.  liquid  quarts,  100. 
to  U.  S.  gallons,  104. 
to  U.  S.  dry  quarts,  116. 
Meters  to  feet,  48. 

to  yards,  52. 
Miles  to  kilometers,  58. 


INDEX    TO    TABLES.  195 

Milliers  to  short  tons,  144. 

in  a  cubic  meter  to  tons  in  a  cubic  yard,  180. 
Milligrams  in  a  liter  to  grains  in  a  U.  S.  gallon,  184. 
Ounces,  avoirdupois,  to  grammes,  130. 

U.  S.  fluid,  to  cubic  centimeters,  98. 
Troy,  to  grammes,  138. 
in  a  cubic  inch  to  grammes  in  a  cubic  cen- 
timeter, 174. 

Pounds,  avoirdupois,  to  kilograms,  134. 
Troy,  to  kilograms,  142. 
per  square  inch  to  kilograms  per  square 

centimeter,  154. 
per  square  foot  to   kilograms  per  square 

meter,  150. 
in  a  cubic  foot  to  kilograms   in  a  cubic 

meter,  178. 

Quarts,    British  liquid,  to  liters,  no. 
U.  S.  liquid,  to  liters,  102. 
U.  S.  dry,  to  liters,  118. 

Scales,  thermometer,  comparison  of,  188,  189,  190. 
Short  tons  to  milliers,  146. 

in  a  cubic  yard  to  milliers  in  a  cubic 

meter,  182. 

Square  centimeters  to  square  inches,  60. 
feet  to  square  meters,  66. 
inches  to  square  centimeters,  62. 
kilometers  to  square  miles,  72. 
meters  to  square  feet,  64. 

to  square  yards,  68. 
miles  to  square  kilometers,  74. 
yards  to  square  meters,  70. 
Steres  to  U.  S.  bushels,  120. 
Temperature. — See   Thermometer. 
Thermometer  scales,  comparison  of,  188,  189,  190. 
Tonnes  and  Tonneaux. — See  Milliers. 


196  THE  METRIC  SYSTEM. 

Tons,  short,  to  milliers,  146. 

Tons  in  a  cubic  yard  to  milliers  in  a  cubic  meter, 

182. 
Troy  ounces  to  grammes,  138. 

pounds  to  kilograms,  142. 
United  States  bushels  to  steres,  122. 

dry  quarts  to  liters,  118. 

fluid  ounces  to  cubic  centimeters,  98. 

gallons  to  liters,  106. 

liquid  quarts  to  liters,  102. 
Yards  to  meters,  54. 


C/t-f 


.YA  03073 


S 


227910 


